Lecture 8: Moderation in Regression

Question 1

What type of analysis asks how or why a predictor affects an outcome?

Answer 1

Mediation

Question 2

What type of analysis asks when or for whom a predictor affects an outcome?

Answer 2

Moderation

Question 3

What type of model includes two predictors independently affecting an outcome?

Answer 3

Simultaneous prediction

Question 4

What does a moderator affect in a relationship between two variables?

Answer 4

The strength or direction of the relationship

Question 5

What type of variable changes how an IV influences a DV?

Answer 5

Moderator

Question 6

Can a moderator reverse the effect of a predictor on an outcome?

Answer 6

Yes

Question 7

Must moderators be independent of the predictor and outcome variables?

Answer 7

No

Question 8

Is a correlation between a moderator and a predictor a threat to validity?

Answer 8

No

Question 9

What was tested in the speed dating study example?

Answer 9

Whether valuing intelligence moderates the link between perceived intelligence and attractiveness

Question 10

Did the speed dating study find that people’s stated preferences moderated their judgments?

Answer 10

No

Question 11

What did the speed dating study suggest about self-knowledge in preferences?

Answer 11

People often don’t know what they want

Question 12

What moderates the relationship between food intake and weight gain?

Answer 12

Exercise

Question 13

What moderates the link between facial masculinity and attractiveness?

Answer 13

Gender

Question 14

What moderates the effect of genetic predisposition on depression?

Answer 14

Stressful life events

Question 15

What is the first step in moderation analysis using regression?

Answer 15

Mean-centering the predictor and moderator

Question 16

What is the second step in testing moderation?

Answer 16

Creating an interaction term

Question 17

What analysis is used after creating the interaction term?

Answer 17

Hierarchical regression

Question 18

What does a significant R² change indicate in a moderation test?

Answer 18

A moderation effect

Question 19

What analysis shows how the predictor affects the outcome at different levels of the moderator?

Answer 19

Simple slopes analysis

Question 20

What visual method helps interpret moderation effects?

Answer 20

Plotting the interaction

Question 21

Does moderation analysis establish causality?

Answer 21

No

Question 22

What determines causal assumptions in moderation analysis?

Answer 22

Theoretical reasoning

Question 23

What SPSS tool automates moderation analysis?

Answer 23

PROCESS macro

Question 24

Who developed the PROCESS macro?

Answer 24

Andrew Hayes

Question 25

Which PROCESS model is used for one moderator?

Answer 25

Model 1

Question 26

Which PROCESS model is used for two moderators?

Answer 26

Model 2

Question 27

What analysis tests if the strength of a mediation effect depends on a moderator?

Answer 27

Moderated mediation

Question 28

How many variables are needed for moderated mediation?

Answer 28

Four

Question 29

In moderated mediation, what can vary across levels of a moderator?

Answer 29

The indirect effect or the mediation path

Question 30

What can moderation analysis help explain across studies?

Answer 30

Inconsistent effects

Question 31

Why is moderation useful in psychological theory?

Answer 31

It helps define boundary conditions for effects

Question 32

What tool makes moderation analysis more accessible?

Answer 32

PROCESS macro