Lecture 7: Meiosis & Variation

Question 1

Asexual Reproduction

Answer 1

Offspring are clones of a single parent; Variation among individuals limited to mutations

Question 2

How does bacteria divide?

Answer 2

Binary fission

Question 3

______ in many eukaryotes (environmentally resistant reproductive cells that can develop alone).

Answer 3

Spores

Question 4

Sexual Reproduction

Answer 4

2 parents donate genes to offspring via gametes (sex cells)

Question 5

What are gametes and what what occurs after they must fuse?

Answer 5

Are haploids and after fusion become a diploid zygotye.

Question 6

What type variation/mutation occurs through sexual reproduction?

Answer 6

Great physical diversity among individual’s traits

Question 7

Many organisms with both asexual and sexual cycles…

Answer 7

alternate, depending on various factors

Question 8

An example of both asexual and sexual cycles of reproduction?

Answer 8

Parthenogenesis in some fishes and reptiles

Question 9

Gametogenesis

Answer 9

formation of gametes from somatic cells (via MEIOSIS and cell differentiation)

Question 10

Spermatogenesis

Answer 10

Formation of sperm cells; occurs in testes

Question 11

Haploid spermatids do what?

Answer 11

Differentiate into sperm cells (with cap and flagellum)

Question 12

Oogenesis

Answer 12

Formation of egg cells (oocytes); occurs in ovaries

Question 13

One of the four ______-______ cells absorbs cytoplasams of others; polar bodies remain after formation of ________

Answer 13

1. grand daughter
2. oocytes

Question 14

What are other important sources of variation for sexually reproducing organisms (other than mutation)?

Answer 14

Independent assortment of chromosomes in meiosis, crossing over (homologous chromosomes), gene duplication (inversions, translocation, and deletions), non dis junction of chromosomes, and whole-genome duplication