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HLST 110 > lecture 7 NUTRITION > Flashcards

lecture 7 NUTRITION Flashcards

1
Q

who is considered the perfect woman according to historical perspectives and what is the perspective?

A

“The Venus of Milo”
Result of proper nourishment:Not too much nor too little

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2
Q

what was the historical perspective about nutrients according to the book of popular science,1926?

A

we can starve ourselves from imp food on one hand when there is plenty or will suffer in some way from eating too much.

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3
Q

what is nutrition?

A

The science that studies food and how food nourishes our body and influences our health.it is how we consume, digest,metabolize and store nutrients.

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4
Q

what is the cause of scurvy and when was it discovered?

A

vitamin C deficiency
mid 1700s

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5
Q

chronic disease?

A

diseases that come on slowly and can persist for years even despite treatment.obesity, heart disease, various cancers, type 2 diabetes.

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6
Q

what does nutrition involve?

A
  1. factors that influence our eating patterns(where u live, time of year, parent’s choice?
  2. amount to eat of each food type.
    3.maintaining food safety.
    4.addressing issues related to the global food supply.
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7
Q

how does nutrition contributes to health?

A

1.physical health:nutrition, exercise and physical activity
2.spiritual health:spiritual wellness, mental health and personal beliefs
3.emotional health:Positive feelings about oneself and life
4.social health: family, community and our social environment
5.occupational health:meaningful work or vacation in life

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8
Q

MALNUTRITION?

A

any condition associated with under or over nutrition.

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9
Q

what is considered “bad nutrition:”

A

MALNUTRITION

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10
Q

UNDERNUTRITION?

A

diet that lacks energy or specific nutrients

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11
Q

name some disease caused due to under nutrition?

A

1.ANEMIA
2.SCURVY
3.KORSAKOFF’s SYNDROME

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12
Q

WHAT CAUSES ANEMIA AND NAME SOME SYMPTOMS?

A

lack of iron or B12
symptoms include fatigue, weakness,shortness pf breath

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13
Q

Korsakoff syndrome is a ____________ disorder caused by severe deficiency of _______. And is most commonly caused by _______.

A

chronic memory disorder
thiamine(Vitamin B-1)
alchohol misuse

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14
Q

define over nutrition?

A

a diet that has an imbalance of fats, carbohydrates and proteins or simply too much energy in the body.

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15
Q

name some diseases associated with over nutrition?

A

1.type 2 diabetes
2.heart disease
3.some cancer

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16
Q

what is obesity and name some health problems associated with it.

A

excessive amount of body fat, heart disease, stroke, type 2 diabetes, high BP, and certain cancers.

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17
Q

the primary link between poor nutrition and mortality is __________.

A

obesity

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18
Q

from how much time has been nutrition around us?

A

around 100 years

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19
Q

what was nutrition focused on during the pre world war 2?

A

preventing deficiency diseases, eg scurvy

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20
Q

PELLEGRA

A

disease characterized by skin rash, diarrhea, mental impairment, death(10%)

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21
Q

IN 1914 ___________ was though to be infectious.

A

Pellagra

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22
Q

who discovered dietary links regarding pellagra on prisoners?

A

Dr Joseph Goldberger

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23
Q

what was the condition of nutrition post World War II?

A

diets improved, fortification of food with ingredients, prevention and treating of chronic diseases

addition of specific nutrients, to food enhance its nutritional content

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24
Q

what are nutrients?

A

chemicals found in foods that are critical to human growth and function.

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25
Q

name the 6 group of nutrients that are found In the food we eat?

A

1.carbohydrates
2.fat and oil(lipids)
3.proteins
4.vitamins
5.minerals
6.water

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26
Q

what are the specific nutrients that provide energy?

A

carbohydrates, proteins, fat and oil

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27
Q

what do u mean by the term ESSENTIAL NUTRIENTS?

A

Nutrients that cannot be manufactured by the human body or in insufficient amounts so must come from food or nutrient supplements.

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28
Q

MACRONUTRIENTS and name them?

A

Nutrients our body needs in relatively large amount to support normal function and health.
1.carbohydrate
2.fats
3.proteins

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29
Q

macronutrients provides us with _________.

A

energy (calories)

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30
Q

__________ are the primary source of fuel or energy in our body?

A

CARBOHYDRATES(made up of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen)

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31
Q

functions of proteins?

A

tissue growth, repair, maintenance

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32
Q

what is the amount of intake of fats and carbohydrates in order to be on the safe ground.

A

1/4-fats
3/4-carbohydrates

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33
Q

alcohol provides ______ calories.

A

empty

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34
Q

_______ are a type of lipids.

A

fats

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35
Q

FATS?

A

diverse group of inorganic substances that are insoluble in water.

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36
Q

how is the large amount of fat in our body stored as?

A

adipose tissue

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37
Q

vitamins?

A

organic compounds that assist in regulating body processes

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38
Q

what are some functions of vitamins in our body?

A

essential to energy metabolism,
building and maintaining healthy bone, muscle and blood,
supporting our immune system,
ensuring healthy vision

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39
Q

what do you mean by metabolism?

A

process by which macronutrients are broken into small molecules that our body can absorb and use.

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40
Q

name the diff names assisted to vitamins by scientists?

A

accessory substances, food hormones

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41
Q

what are the two ways that vitamins can be classified?

A

1.FAT- SOLUBLE VITAMINS: not soluble in water but are soluble in fat
ex. VItamin A,D,E and K

2.WATER-SOLUBLE VITAMINS:soluble in water
ex. Vitamin C and B

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42
Q

DEFINE THE TERM MINERALS?

A

minerals are inorganic substances that are not broken down during digestions. fluid regulation, energy production,essential to the health of our bones and blood.

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43
Q

_________ Help the body to get rid of harmful by-products of metabolism.

A

minerals

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44
Q

name some important dietary minerals.(5)

A

SODIUM
POTASSIUM
CALCIUM
MAGNESIUM
IRON

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45
Q

WHAT ARE THE 2 WAYS THAT MINERALS ARE CLASSIFIED INTO?

A

MAJOR MINERALS and TRACE MINERALS

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46
Q

FUNCTIONS OF WATER

A
  1. proper balance of fluid inside and outside our cells.
  2. regulation of nerve impulses, muscle contractions, nutrient transport and excretions of waste products.
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47
Q

what are the factors upon which nutrient intake depends?

A

age, gender, activity level etc

48
Q

full form of AMDR and its use

A

Accepted macronutrient distribution range
provides adequate levels of essential nutrients and is associated with reduced risk for chronic disease.

49
Q

what are the different t macronutrient intakes according to AMDR?

A

CARBOHYDRATES:45-65%
FATS:20-35%
PROTEIN:10-35%

50
Q

what are some optimal lifestyle choices according to dean ornish?

A

diet(low fat, whole foods, plant-based)
stress management trining yoga
moderate exercises
smoking cessation
psychological support groups
vitamins and supplements

51
Q

___________ makes your artery constrict.

A

nicotine, cocaine, emotional stress, high fat diet

52
Q

_______% of adults and ______% of children are obese.

A

65%, 15%

53
Q

diabetes has increased _____% in 30 year olds in past 10 years.

A

70%

54
Q

how Many calories/gram does fat consists of?

A

9

55
Q

how many calories/grams does protein and carbohydrates have?

A

4

56
Q

name good fats and bad fats according to dean ornish

A

good-Omega -3 fatty acids
bad fats- trans fatty acids and saturated fats

57
Q

omega-3 fatty acids may reduce sudden cardiac death by ________ to _________% and may reduce risk of ____ ,_______,_____ cancer.only ______ grams per day can provide protective benefits.

A

50-80%,
breast, prostate and colon cancer
3 grams

58
Q

adverse affects of Atkins diet according to dean ornish?

A

constipation
halitosis
headache
hair loss
abnormal menses
Presyncope

59
Q

what is an optimal diet according to dean Ornish

A

low in fat
low in bad carbs ,high in good
3 grams/day of omega-3 fatty acids

60
Q

according to dean ornish, what increases mortality by 3-7 times?

A

loneliness, depression and isolation

61
Q

what was the agenda of dean ornish

A

“Healing through diet”

62
Q

who is dean ornish?

A

clinical professor of medicine at university of California, San Francisco

63
Q

what is a registered dietician

A

health professional with a BA degree in food and nutrition from a uni program accredited by dieticians of Canada (DC)(degree+internship/practicum+exam+registration)-legally protected title

64
Q

a __________ is not legally protected in all provinces.

A

Nutritionist

65
Q

what are the three guidelines by the Canada food guide

A

what to eat regularly, what to avoid, importance of cooking and preparing meals at home

66
Q

what does health Canada recommends eating

A

plenty of vegetables and fruits, whole grain foods and protein foods(that comes from plant more often)

67
Q

________ markedly, definitely and with socking frequency shortens life.

A

OVEREATING

68
Q

WHAT IS THE DEFINITION OF DRUGS ACCORDING TO ALBERTA HEALTH SERVICES?

A

Any non-food substance that changes the way the mind to body works.

69
Q

WHAT IS THE DEFINITION OF DRUG ACCORDING TO DRUGS AWARE?

A

A drug is a any substance(except for food and water) which, when taken into the body, alters the body’s function either physically and/or psychologically.

70
Q

name some legal and illegal drugs

A

legal-alcohol, caffeine, tobacco
illegal-cocaine, ecstasy, heroin, cannabis

71
Q

what are PSYCHOACTIVE DRUGS

A

those who affect the central nervous system and alter a person’s mood, thinking and behaviour

72
Q

what are the 4 types that psychoactive drugs are divided into?

A

depressants
stimulants
hallucinogens
other

73
Q

what is a drug according to “Canadian food inspection agency”?

A

any substance or mixture of a substance manufactured, sold or represented for use in diagnosis, treatment, mitigation or prevention of a disease, disorder or abnormal physical state. , or its symptoms or restoring, correcting or modifying organic functions in human beings or animals., disinfection in premises in which food is manufactured, prepared or kept.

74
Q

what is alcohol?

A

ingredient found in beer, wine and spirits that causes drunknesness.

75
Q

alcohol is ______ or ________.

A

ethanol or ethyl alcohol

76
Q

______ Canadians drank alcohol this past year?

A

3/4

77
Q

what are the diff motives examined for drinking alcohol?

A
  1. to enhance sociability
    2.increase power
    3.escape problems
    4.get drunk
    5.for enjoyment
    6.ritualistic reasons
78
Q

what are the influential factors that go into drinking?

A

culture, country u r from, live in rural or urban, man or woman, age

79
Q

______ amount of alcohol is safe.

A

NO

80
Q

3-5 DRINKS A WEEK INCREASES RISK OF ________

A

CANCERS

81
Q

7+ DRINKS INCREASE RISK OF

A

HEART DISEASES AND STROKE

82
Q

RISK OF DEVELOPING BREAST CANCER FOR WOMEN INCREASES WITH ________- DRINKS A WEEK.

A

3

83
Q

ADENOSINE?

A

CHEMICAL IN THE CNS(CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM)
REGULATES SLEEPING AND WALKING
DROWSINESS

84
Q

CAFFEINE IS A ______ DRUG.

A

STIMULANT

85
Q

WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF CAFFEINE?

A

IT SPEEDS UP THE MESSAGE TRAVELLING BETWEEN THE BRAIN AND THE BODY. IT IS FOUND IN THE SEEDS, NUTS AND LEAVES OF A NO. OF DIFF PLANTS AS WELL AS COFFEE

86
Q

_______ CAUSES DROWSINESS BY ATTACHING TTO CELLS IN THE -_______ AND INHIBITING THEIR ACTIVITY.

A

ADENOSINE,BASAL FORRBRAIN

87
Q

Caffeine’s affects of increasing energy and making feel more alert are due to its interaction with ________ in the brain.

A

adenosine receptors

88
Q

diff motives for drinking coffee?

A

be more alert
comforting routine
to faster social interactions

89
Q

CANNABIS?

A

Marijuana, psychoactive drug from the cannabis plant used primarily for medical or recreational purposes

90
Q

when did the cannabis act came into force and its purpose?

A

October 17, 2018
1.prevent youth from accessing cannabis
2.Displace the illegal cannabis market

91
Q

when did production and sale of cannabis became legal in Canada?

A

October 17, 2019

92
Q

the cannabis act was legalized by ________ and _____ retailers and federally licensed sellers of cannabis for __________ Purposes.

A

provincial and territorial
medical purposes

93
Q

what are the diff motives for using cannabis

A

social use
medical use
spiritual use

94
Q

what age group used the most cannabis in 2020,2019

A

20-24 years

95
Q

among males or females who used more cannabis in 2019,2020?

A

males

96
Q

VAPING?

A

inhaling of a vapour created by an electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) or other vaping device.

97
Q

E-cigarette?

A

battery powered smoking devices, have cartridges filled with a liquid that usually contains nicotine, flavourings and chemicals. liquid is heated into vapour , which the person inhales.

98
Q

according to the new vaping laws in Saskatchewan, anyone under ____ will no longer be able to buy vape or e cigarettes as of ____.

A

18, feb 1

99
Q

_______ was in favour of the new vaping laws .

A

Lung association of Saskatchewan

100
Q

what did health minister Jim register said in accordance to the vaping laws

A

“this legislation will protect Saskatchewan youth from the harmful effects of vaping products”

101
Q

use of vape products is banned around?

A

public buildings-schools and school grounds

102
Q

the tobacco and vapour products control act provides the govt with the ability to restrict sale of _________.

A

flavoured vapor products

103
Q

selling of vapour products was banned where ______ gathers such as ______, ______ and ______.

A

youth
arcades, theatres, amusement parks

104
Q

according to Gabor mate’s ted talk what do addicted get from addiction?

A

relief from pain
sense of relief, control
sense of calmness

105
Q

the drugs that are painkillers for addicts?

A

alcohol, heroine, morphine, cocaine
(soothe pain)

106
Q

what is the real question in addiction according to Gabor mate?

A

why the pain not why the addiction?

107
Q

what are the three things told by British psychiatrist R.D. Laing that people are afraid of?

A

death
other people
their own mind

108
Q

what is addiction according to Gabor mate?

A

any behaviour that gives you temporary belief, temporary pleasure but in long term causes harm, negative consequences and u can’t give up those despite those negative consequences.
eg drugs, consumerism, sex, internet, shopping.

109
Q

according to Gabor mate what shapes the development of the brain of a child?

A

kind of environment

110
Q

______ is the incentive and and motivation chemical.

A

dopamine

111
Q

addicts get a hit of _______ when they shoot cocaine or heroin?

A

dopamine

112
Q

________ are our own natural painkillers and make possible of attachment to one other(child to parent or parent to child)

A

ENDORPHIN(indigenous morphine like substances)

113
Q

why do the leaders in those time needed power?

A

because they had a real sense of insecurity and inferiority, wanted to feel better about themselves

114
Q

addiction of power is always about filling of __________ inside?

A

emptiness

115
Q

what does Jesus said about power.?

A

the power and reality is not outside but inside.”kingdom of god is within”

116
Q

what did buddha said?

A

find a light within

117
Q

what is human nature acc to Gabor mate?

A

cooperative
community minded
generous

HLST 110 (7 decks)

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