Lecture 7: Respiratory System Flashcards
What is needed to efficiently produce ATP?
O2
What is given off as a byproduct of cell respiration?
CO2
What is partial pressure?
amount of gas in a mixture
Movement is driven by what 2 gradients?
conc. & pressure
What is the difference in O2 levels b/w the blood, lungs, & tissues?
- highest in blood
- O2 & CO2 levels about equal when entering the lungs
- lowest in tissues
What is external respiration?
- occurs b/w environment & blood
- requires movement of air/water across respiratory organ -> VENTILATION
What is internal respiration?
- occurs b/w blood & tissues
- requires pumping of blood through capillaries -> PERFUSION
What would increase gas exchange?
- increase in the surface area of respiratory surface
- thinnest respiratory surface
- maximum movement of blood
- right level of moisture
What happens during inhalation?
- ext. intercostals & diaphragm contract
- negative pressure around lungs
- draws air in from outside
What happens during exhalation?
- diaphragm & ext. intercostals relax/ int. intercostals may contract
- ab organs recoil -> diaphragm pushes up
- positive pressure around lungs
What muscles aid in O2 intake during exercise?
- pectoralis minor -> pulls ribs upward
- sternocleidomastoid -> elevates sternum
What increases the surface area in a nose?
conchae = folds in the walls
What is the function of conchae?
- mucus traps debris/bacteria to prevent from going into pharynx
- water get warm/ humidity = air
What is the pharynx?
- connects oral & nasal cavity
- leads to larynx
What is the larynx?
- separates digestive & respiratory tracts
- composed of muscles, cartilage, elastic tissue, & vocal cords
- open to let air in/out of trachea
What supports the larynx?
hyoid bone & cartilage
What are the functions of the false & true vocal cords?
- false -> block trachea during swallowing
- true -> vibrate to produce sounds
What is the name of the opening b/w vocal cords?
glottis
What is the trachea?
- supported by 20 C shaped rings
- has psuedostratified columnar epithelial -> mucus & cilia trap particles & move to pharynx
What is the carina?
- formed from trachea
- forms left & right primary bronchi
Where does the left bronchus lead to?
upper & lower secodnary bronchi
Where does the right bronchus lead to?
upper, middle, & lower
The bronchi eventually break into what?
bronchioles
Do bronchioles have cartilage?
NO; made out of muscle to be able to contract
