lecture 7 / study guide 4

Question 1

what are the 3 different types of muscle

Answer 1

cardiac, smooth , skeletal

Question 2

where is smooth muscle found

Answer 2

smooth muscle is found in the walls of hollow organs such as the stomach , urinary bladder and airways

Question 3

is smooth muscle striated

Answer 3

no smooth muscle is not striated

Question 4

does smooth muscle require nervous system stimulation

Answer 4

it can contract without nervous system stimulation

Question 5

is smooth muscle voluntary or involuntary

Answer 5

involuntary

Question 6

what are the 3 things that skeletal muscle are served by

Answer 6

one artery , one nerver and one or more veins.

Question 7

what controls the activity of skeletal muscle

Answer 7

a nerve ending

Question 8

what does skeletal muscle need

Answer 8

nutrients

Question 9

what does skeletal muscle generate

Answer 9

it generates large amounts of waste

Question 10

does skeletal muscle generate a lot of waste ?

Answer 10

yes

Question 11

where is skeletal muscle found

Answer 11

on organs that are attached to bones or skin

Question 12

what kind of cells does skeletal muscles have

Answer 12

eleongated cells

Question 13

what are the elongated cells of skeletal muscles called

Answer 13

muscle fibers

Question 14

are muscle fibers striated

Answer 14

yes

Question 15

what does voluntary mean

Answer 15

under conscous control

Question 16

are skeletal musles under conscous control

Answer 16

yes

Question 17

do skeletal muscles contract rapidly or slow

Answer 17

rapidly

Question 18

do skeletal muscles tire easily or slowly

Answer 18

tire easily

Question 19

do skeletal muscles require nervous system stimulation

Answer 19

yes

Question 20

what percent of the bodies mass is made up of muscle tissue

Answer 20

nearly half of the bodies mass is made of muscle tissue

Question 21

what is the function of muscle

Answer 21

to transform chemical energy into mechanical energy

Question 22

where is cardiac muscle found

Answer 22

it is only found in the walls of the heart

Question 23

what is the bulk of the heart wall made out of

Answer 23

cardiac muscle

Question 24

is cardiac muscle striated

Answer 24

yes

Question 25

does cardiac muscle require nervous system stimulation

Answer 25

it can contract without nervous system stimulation

Question 26

is cardiac muscle voluntary

Answer 26

involuntary

Question 27

list the 4 characteristics of muscle tissue

Answer 27

excitability contractability extensibility elasiticity

Question 28

what does excitability mean :

Answer 28

ability to recieve and respond to stimuli

Question 29

what does contractability mean

Answer 29

ability to shorten forcibly when stimulated

Question 30

what doed extensibility mean

Answer 30

abiilty to be stretched

Question 31

what does elasticity mean

Answer 31

ability to recoil to resting length

Question 32

what are the 4 important functions of muscles

Answer 32

movement of bones or fluids maintaining postures and body position stabilizing joints heat generation

Question 33

does muscle protect organs

Answer 33

yes

Question 34

do muscle form valves

Answer 34

yes

Question 35

do muscles control pupil size

Answer 35

yes

Question 36

do muscles cause goosebumps

Answer 36

yes

Question 37

describe the 3 connective tissue sheaths that cover muscles

Answer 37

epimysium - dense irregular surround muscle perimysium -fiberous connective tissue surrounds fassicles endomysium-surrounds each muscle fiber

Question 38

what does the perimysium surround

Answer 38

the fasicles

Question 39

what does the endomysium surround

Answer 39

each muscle fiber

Question 40

what does the epimysium surround

Answer 40

the entire muscle

Question 41

name the 2 kinds of muscle attachments

Answer 41

insertion and attachment

Question 42

what is an insertion

Answer 42

movable bone

Question 43

what is an origin

Answer 43

immovable bone

Question 44

what kind of attacment is at the less moveable bone

Answer 44

origin

Question 45

what is the attachment at the moveable bone called

Answer 45

insertion

Question 46

does skeletal muscle have more than one nuclei

Answer 46

yes

Question 47

what is the sarcolema

Answer 47

the plasma membrane

Question 48

what is the sarcolplasm

Answer 48

the cytoplasm

Question 49

what are glycosomes

Answer 49

they are for glycogen storage

Question 50

what are myoglobin

Answer 50

they are for oxygen storage

Question 51

what do myofibirls contain

Answer 51

they contain sarcomeres

Question 52

myofibirals take up about what percentage of a cells volume

Answer 52

about 80%

Question 53

what are sarcomeres

Answer 53

they are contractile units

Question 54

what do sarcomeres contain

Answer 54

they contain myofilaments

Question 55

what is a z disk

Answer 55

it is a coin shaped sheet of proteins on the midline of light i band that anchors thin filaments and connects myofibrils to one another

Question 56

what are thick filaments

Answer 56

they run the entire length of the l band and partway to a band

Question 57

what are sarcomeres

Answer 57

they are the region between 2 succesive z disks

Question 58

the smallest contractile unit of muscle fiber is called

Answer 58

a sarcomere

Question 59

what are sarcomeres composed of

Answer 59

they are composed of thick and thin myofilaments made of contractile proteins

Question 60

what are the thin filaments made out of

Answer 60

actin myofilaments

Question 61

what are the thick filaments made out of

Answer 61

myosin filaments

Question 62

what do the myosin tails contain

Answer 62

polypeptide chains

Question 63

what do the myosin heads form

Answer 63

cross bridges

Question 64

what are the function of tropomyosin and tropnin

Answer 64

they are regulatory proteins bound to actin

Question 65

what is the function of the sarcoplasmic reticulim

Answer 65

it funcitons in the regulatoin of intracellular calcium

Question 66

what are the function of t tubules

Answer 66

to increase the fibers surface area