lecture #8

Question 1

what are the roles of cell division

Answer 1

1) reproduction
2) growth and dev
3) tissue renewal and repair (skin cells, )

Question 2

what is chromatin

Answer 2

DNA formation when cell is not dividing: long thin threads

Question 3

what is a chromosome

Answer 3

DNA during cell division : chromatin tightly coiled around proteins (histones)

Question 4

what do genes determine

Answer 4

characteristics: hair, flower color

Question 5

where are genes located

Answer 5

on chromosome

Question 6

what is DNA made of

Answer 6

nucleotides

Question 7

what is a gene locus

Answer 7

specific place on chromosome where gene is located

Question 8

what are the characteritics of genes

Answer 8

• occur on specific chromosome
• at a specific site on the chromosome
  (like adress)

Question 9

do all species have same amount of chromosomes

Answer 9

No

Question 10

how many pairs of chromosomes do humans have

Answer 10

23 pairs (23 single chromosomes from mom, 23 from dad)

Question 11

what is a karyotype

Answer 11

organised profile of a person‘s chromosomes, individuel‘s complet set of chromosomes

Question 12

how are chromosomes arranged in karyotype

Answer 12

from largest to smallest (accept for sex chromosomes)

Question 13

what is the genome

Answer 13

all the genetic materiel in the cell

Question 14

what is an autosome? How many do we have?

Answer 14

a non-sex chromosome , 22 pairs

Question 15

how many chromosomes do we have? How many of each type?

Answer 15

22 pairs of autosomes
1 pair of sex chromosomes

Question 16

what can chromosomal alterations result in ?

Answer 16

genetic disorders

Question 17

what is xx and xy

Answer 17

xx sex chromosomes = female
xy sex chromosomes = male

Question 18

in what cells are autosomes (non reproductive chromosomes) found in

Answer 18

somatic cells (non sexual) and gametes (sex cells) , but in diff quantities

Question 19

what are somatic cells

Answer 19

cells found in the body, non-gametic cells

Question 20

what are gametes

Answer 20

egg cells and sperm cells

Question 21

what are dipoid cells, what is the symbol

Answer 21

2N, meaning come in pairs, for humans, 46 chromosomes and 23 pairs

Question 22

what type of cells are diploid cells

Answer 22

somatic cells

Question 23

what are haploid cells, what is the symbol

Answer 23

N, do not come in pairs, for humans, 23 chromosomes,

Question 24

what type of cells are haploid cells

Answer 24

gametes

Question 25

in what cells are sex chromosomes found in?

Answer 25

both types (somatic cells and gametes) but in different quantities