lecture 8

Question 1

enhancers

Answer 1

• range 50-200 bps
• binding sites for transcription factors
• interacting proteins distally bound can produce loops in teh DNA between their binding sites

Question 2

B-Interferon enhancers

Answer 2

• 6 overlapping binding sites bind 2 heterodimeric factors

Question 3

hyrodphilic hormones

Answer 3

• bond to plasma membrane receptors and activate signal transduction pathways
• some receptors activate G-protein switch proteins
• other reeptors are tyrosine kinases that trigger signal transduction pathways

Question 4

hydrophobic hormones

Answer 4

• diffuse through the cell membrane and activate cytosolic receptors

Question 5

affects target cells some distance from site of synthesis

Answer 5

endocrine

Question 6

hormone receptors activate:

Answer 6

effector proteins

Question 6

affects target cells in close proximity

Answer 6

paracrine

Question 6

cells respond to signals that they produce

Answer 6

autocrine

Question 7

effector proteins are enzymes that produce small molecules called

Answer 7

second messengers

Question 8

other effector proteins are _____ or _____ that modify downstream target proteins

Answer 8

protein kinases
protein phosphatases

Question 10

water soluble

Answer 10

ca2+, cAMP, cGMP