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Lecture 8 Flashcards

1
Q

What are APCs?

A

Cells to displaying MHCII

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2
Q

What cells express MHCI?

A

All necleated cells

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3
Q

How do APCs take up antigen?

A

Either phagocytosis or surface receptors

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4
Q

What are the APCs?

A

Macs
DCs
B cells

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5
Q

Another name for macrophage?

A

Mononuclear phagocytes

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6
Q

Another name for macrophage?

A

Mononuclear phagocytes

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7
Q

What are kupfer cells?

A

Macs found in liver

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8
Q

Name for macs in liver?

A

Kupfer cells

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9
Q

Macs found in brain?

A

Microglial cells

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10
Q

What are microglial cells?

A

Macs in brain

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11
Q

APCs in skin?

A

Langerhans cells

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12
Q

What are Langerhans cells?

A

APCs in skin between dermis and epidermis

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13
Q

Two types of dendritic cells?

A

Conventional

Plasmacytoid

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14
Q

What do Plasmacytoid dendritic cells do?

A

Produce large volumes of interferon in response to viral infection

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15
Q

Difference between mature and immature dendritic cells?

A

Immature are much more highly phagocytotic

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16
Q

When is B cell presentation most important?

A

Secondary antibody response

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17
Q

Difference between where MHCs find antigens?

A

MHCI - intracellular

MHCII - extracellular

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18
Q

What happens in early endosomes?

A

Proteases are inactive

Activate when they become acidic

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19
Q

What do endosome fuse with?

A

Vesicles containing MHCII

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20
Q

Where does MHCI bind antigen?

A

ER

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21
Q

Where are MHCI antigens synthesized?

A

Cytosol

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22
Q

Which MHC functions via phagocytosis?

A

II

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23
Q

What is usually presented in MHCI?

A

Molecules from viruses that have taken over cell machinery

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24
Q

What degrades MHC antigens?

A

Proteosomes in cytosol

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25
Sub unitis of proteosome involved in degradation?
LMP2/7
26
What do Tap1/2 do?
Transport cytosolic antigens across ER
27
What do calnexin, ERP57, and calreticulin do?
Chaperons in ER helping with assembly of MHCI
28
What is ERAAP?
Trims peptides when the enter ER so they can be bound MHCI
29
What does calnexin do
Holds MHCI chain until B2 microglobin binds
30
What does tapasin do?
Holds MHCI to tap so can bind peptides
31
How are MHCII antigens processed?
Endosomes and lysosomes
32
How does MHCII antigen bind MHCII?
Endosome fuses with vesicle that has MHCII
33
What is an invariant chain?
Occupies MHCII binding site in vesicle | Degraded in acidic endsome leaving CLIP
34
What is CLIP?
Portion of invariant chain left behind in endsome
35
What releases CLIP?
HLA-DM
36
What does HLA-DM do?
Releases CLIP
37
What does MHCI do in absence of foreign antigen?
Presents self on surface
38
What does MHCII do under normal condition?
Contains CLIP, not self antigen like MHCI
39
Can CD4 recognize free antigen?
- NO | - Only antigen in MHCII on surface of APC
40
What does T cell, MHC interaction produce?
T cell proliferation and differentiation
41
What can CD4 cells do?
Mediate macrophage activation | Act as helper cell in antibody response by secreting cytokines
42
What is Th1?
T cell that activate macs that have presented antigen
43
What T cells activate macs?
TH1
44
What is Th2?
Induce antibody synthesis when B cell presents
45
What T cells induce antibody synthesis?
TH2
46
What T cells induce antibody synthesis?
TH2
47
Characteristics of resting/immature CD?
Not good at antigen presentation | Good at phagocytosis
48
When do DCs mature?
During innate response and after eating something
49
What do mature D cells do?
- Present antigen well - Produce cytokines necessary for T prolif/dif - Present co stimulatory molecules
50
What are some costimulatory molecules?
B7 | CD80/86
51
What is required for naive T cell activation?
Signal from MHC with antigen | Signal from B7/CD28
52
Where is B7 found?
Surface of APC
53
What does B7 interact with?
CD28 on T cells
54
Where is CD 28 found?
Surface of T cells
55
What happens when APC takes up antigen that is not microorganism?
B7 may not be expressed
56
What happens when no B7
CD40/CD40L process initiatated
57
How does APC/T interaction start if no B7
- T cell expresses CD40L - Interacts with CD40 on T cell surface - This induces B7 for costimulation activating T cell
58
Cells required for antibody productoin?
Both B and T cells
59
B cell APC?
- B7 activated on B cell when presents antigen in MHCII - T cell recognize antigen and are activated - T cell now expresses CD40L - CD40 system causes T to release cytokines activating B
60
How long must naive T cells be engaged?
- Not long to begin signalling | - Minutes to hours for prolif/dif
61
What is immunlogical synapse?
Prolonged engagement of T cell with MHC allowing for diff/prolif
62
What facilitates immunological synsapse?
LFA1 - on T cell | ICAM1 - on APC
63
Where is ICAM1 found?
APC
64
Where is LFA2 found?
T cell
65
Where is LFA2 found?
T cell
66
Can TH1 activate B cell?
Yes but to a much lesser extent than TH2`
67
What are plasmacytoid dendritic cells?
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells - important in protection from virus
68
What is interferon?
Antiviral cytokine
69
Why do lymph nodes swell in strep?
Lymph nodes swell in strep throat as the are full of T cells that have been activated by antigens
70
Can CD4 recognize free antigen?
No, only in context of MHCII
71
Cytokine for TH1 response?
INFG
72
What is INFG important for?
TH1 response
73
What is IL4 inportant for?
TH2 response
74
What is cytokine for TH2 pathways?
IL4
75
When is B7 used?
Only if foreign partical is micro organism
76
B7 and CD40 always present on cell surface?
Only 40C
77
Can class switching occur without T cells ?
No

Host Defense (12 decks)

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