Lecture 8 Flashcards
What are determinative actions
Irreversible or partially reversible to the body
What are regulatory actions
Reversible quantity and qualitative changes to accessory sex organs and tissues
What effects does testosterone deprivation have (4)
- Epithlia shrink and secretory activity ceases in accessory sex gland = no seminal plasma
- Ejacuatory behaviour reduced
- Intest in females reduced
- Muscle mass decreased and body fat increased
What is the action of oestrogens
- Increase ciliary and secretory action of epithelium
- Increase sugar and protein content in secretions
- Increase fluid volume
- Increase muscle contractility
What is the action of progestogens
Reverses many of these effects
Action of steroids on oestrogens (2)
- Proliferation of endometrial epithelium and increased secretory activity
- Increased myocetrial contractility
Action of steroids on progesterone (2)
- Further secretion of glycoproteins, sugars and amino acids
- Decreased myocetrial activity
What do steroids effect
Sperm transport through the cervix
What is cervical mucus like under the influence of progesterone
Thick and sticky
What is cervical mucus like under the influence of oestrogens
Abundant, watery and stringy
What is the fern test
Fern-like pattern of NaCl and KCl crystals in dried mucous
What is the Spinnbarkeit test
Extent of stretching of mucus
What happens to vagina cytology under the influence of oestrogen
Increased mitotic activity of mucosal epithelium with a tendency of cells to keratinise
What happens to vagina cytology under the influence of progesterone
Influx of neutrophils in vagina
What do cyclical changes influence
Bacteria to generate volatile fatty acids that give vaginal secretion distinctive odours
What effect do hormones have on female animals sexual behaviour
Oestradiol induces receptive behaviour by acting at the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus
What effect do hormones have on female primates sexual behaviour
androgens rather than oestrogen’s cause receptive behaviour and act within the anterior hypothalamus
What effect does castration have on male sexual behaviour
negative effect
Where is the prostate predominant
Human and dog
Where is the seminal vesicle prominent
Bull and boar
What occurs when you castrate (3)
- Secretions reduces
- Size of prostate decreases
- Connective tissue between glands increases
What increases myometrial contractibility
Oestrogens
What decreases myometrial activity
Progesterone
During proestrus what does a vagina smear look like
Nucleated cells shed into lumen
