Lecture 8

Question 1

Xylem Transport

Answer 1

Water

Question 2

Phloem Transport

Answer 2

Photosynthate

Question 3

Proto vs meta

Answer 3

Formed early, formed late

Question 4

Tracheary elements

Answer 4

Tracheids, vessel elements. Secondary. Dead

Question 5

Fibers, Fiber Tracheids

Answer 5

Support. Secondary. Dead

Question 6

Parenchyma cells

Answer 6

Storage, living cells. Primary. Living

Question 7

Middle Lamella

Answer 7

Pectins

Question 8

Primary Cell Wall

Answer 8

Pectins, cellulose, hemicellulose

Question 9

Plasmodesma

Answer 9

Cytoplasm opening

Question 10

Bordered Pits

Answer 10

cavities in the lignified cell walls of xylem conduits for water‐transport system

Question 11

Types of Secondary Cell Thickening

Answer 11

Annular, Spiral, Reticulate, Pitted

Question 12

Secondary Cell Wall Thickening Type Pairs under Proto vs Meta

Answer 12

Annular/Spiral, Reticulate/Pitted

Question 13

Tracheids

Answer 13

Water passes through pit membranes

Question 14

Vessel Elements

Answer 14

Water passes through perforation plates

Question 15

Vascular Cambium

Answer 15

Growth tissue between phloem and xylem

Question 16

Fusiform vs Ray Direction

Answer 16

Axial, Radial

Question 17

Periclinal

Answer 17

parallel to the vascular cambium surface (i.e., new cells produced on outside and inside of cambium); produce secondary phloem and secondary xylem cells

Question 18

Anticlinal

Answer 18

perpendicular to the vascular cambium surface (i.e., new cells increase the girth of cambium); produce more cambial initials

Question 19

Axial System Includes

Answer 19

Tracheids, Fiber-tracheids, Parenchyma: rarely

Question 20

Radial System Includes

Answer 20

Parenchyma with simple pits, Occasionally tracheids

Question 21

Ray Initial

Answer 21

Produce rays. Rays are horizontally oriented in a stem and serve several functions: transport of food and water radially and storage (starch, protein, lipid)

Question 22

Fusiform Initial

Answer 22

produce secondary xylem and secondary phloem (the xylem and phloem produced during secondary growth)

Question 23

Resin Ducts

Answer 23

Secrete resin into the canal. These canals are orientated longitudinally and radially in between fusiform rays. They are usually found in late wood

Question 24

Bordered Pit includes? Inside chamber?

Answer 24

Border. Margo and Torus

Question 25

Margo

Answer 25

Cell wall-derived porous membrane that supports the torus

Question 26

Torus

Answer 26

Impermeable at center of the pit membrane. Regulates the functions of the bordered pit

Question 27

Conifer Leaf Anatomy Types

Answer 27

Needle, Linear, Scale

Question 28

Pine Leaf Type

Answer 28

Needle

Question 29

Podocarpus Leaf Type

Answer 29

Linear

Question 30

Scale Leaf Type

Answer 30

cypress

Question 31

What determines Leaf Shape

Answer 31

Number of leaves in fascicle

Question 32

Pine Needle Adaptions

Answer 32

Thick cuticle, thick-walled cell layer under epidermis, | hypodermis), Sunken stomata, Needles are retained for many years(40+y

Question 33

Secondary Cell Wall

Answer 33

Cellulose, Hemicellulose, lignin

Question 34

half-border pit-pairs

Answer 34

between ray parenchyma cells and | axial tracheids