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Anat > Lecture 8: Appendicular Musculature > Flashcards

Lecture 8: Appendicular Musculature Flashcards

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1
Q

What kind of nerves are the appendicular musculature innervated by?

A

Spinal nerves

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2
Q

What organization do Appendicular nerves go through?

A

They form Plexuses

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3
Q

Which nerve plexus serves the upper limbs?

A

Brachial Plexus

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4
Q

Which Nerve Plexus serves the lower limbs?

A

Lumbosacral plexus

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5
Q

Which appendicular nerve is the only nerve not innervated Spinal nerve?

A

The trapezius

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6
Q

What do the Anterior components of appendicular muscular do?

A

Help with flexion

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7
Q

What do the Posterior component of muscles help with?

A

Extension

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8
Q

What is each compartment associated with?

A

One nerve

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9
Q

What are the two Girdles?

A
  • Pectoral

* Pelvic

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10
Q

What are the 3 characteristics of Appendicular Musculature?

A
  • Innervation by spinal nerves
  • Attachments on axial and appendicular skeleton
  • Movement through muscle contraction
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11
Q

What innervates the upper limbs?

A

The Brachial Plexus

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12
Q

What kind of nerve innervates the trapezius?

A

Cranial nerve

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13
Q

What are the 4 major muscle groups of the Upper limbs?

A
  • Shoulder (Pectoral girdle)
  • Arm
  • Forearm
  • Hand
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14
Q

What is interesting about the Scalpua?

A

It is a free floating bone and is able to move separately from the arm

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15
Q

What are the major characteristics of the Upper Limb Musculature?

A
  • Innervated by the brachial plexus

* Four major muscle groups

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16
Q

What are the major functions of upper limb musculature?

A
  • Mobility

* Reaching, throwing, grasping, manipulating

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17
Q

Where does the Scapula lie?

A

Flat on the Thoracic cage

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18
Q

What is the movement of the Scapula when you go to hug someone?

A

Protraction

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19
Q

What is the movement of the Scapula when you bring it closer to the spinal column?

A

Retraction

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20
Q

Why is the arm able to go even higher?

A

The scapula rotates and and allows the clavicle and the chromium to rotate

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21
Q

What is needed to rotate the arm all the way up?

A

Rotation of the Scapula

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22
Q

What movement allows us to Shrug?

A

Elevation of the Scalpula

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23
Q

What are the 4 muscles that move the Pectoral Girdle?

A

Trapezius
Levator Scapulae
Rhomboids
Serratus Anterior

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24
Q

Where does the Trapezius attach?

A

Occipital and spinous processes to clavicle and scapular spine

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25
What is the organization of the Trapezius muscles and how do the movements work?
It has fibers that are going up, horizontal and down. Depending on which fibre is contracting it creates different movement
26
What occurs when the upper muscles of the Trapezius contract?
The scapula is elevated
27
What occurs when the lowers muscle of the Trapezius contract?
The scapula is depressed
28
What occurs when the horizontal muscles of the Trapezius contract?
The scapula is Retracted
29
What three movements can the Trapezius produce?
Elevation, Retraction and Depression of the Scapula
30
What 4 muscles move the Pectoral Girdle?
* Trapezius * Levator Scapulae * Rhomboids * Serratus Anterior
31
What is the function of the Levator Scapulae?
Elevates the Scapula
32
Where does the Levator Scapulae attch?
Transverse process to superior vertebral border of the Scapula
33
Which pairs muscles of the pectoral girdle serve the same function?
* Levator Scapulae and upper muscles of the Trapezius | * Rhomboids and horizontal muscles of the Trapezius
34
Where do Rhomboids attach?
Spinous processes to vertebral border of scapula
35
What is the function of the Rhomboids?
Retract the Scapula
36
Where does the Serratus anterior attache?
Ribs to vertebral border of scapula (anterior surface)
37
What is the function of the Serratus anterior?
Protraction of scapula
38
What is needed for full abduction of the arm?
The glenoid cavity attached to the scapula must go up
39
What muscles are needed for the full abduction of the arm and what occurs?
Scapula goes up •Lower Trapezius •Upper Trapezius •Serratus anterior
40
What are the function of the Pectoralis minor?
* Depresses and protracts the scapula | * Elevates ribs
41
Where does the Pectoralis minor attach?
Coracoid process to ribs
42
What muscles are used for adduction of the arm and what happens?
The scapula rotates downward •Levator scapulae •Rhomboids •Pectoralis minor
43
What muscles move the arm at the shoulder?
* Pectoralis major * Deltoidus * Subscapularis * Latissimus dorsi * Teres major * Supraspinatus * Infraspinatus * Teres minor
44
Where does the Pectoralis Major attach?
Ribs/Sternum, clavicle, lateral side of the intertubercular sulcus
45
What is the function of the Pectoralis Major?
Arm abductor | Flexor and medial rotator
46
Where does the Deltoidus connect?
Clavicle and scapular spine to deltoid tuberosity?
47
What is the function of the Anterior part Deltoidus?
* Major arm abductor | * Arm flexion and medial rotator
48
What is the major arm abductor?
Deltoideus
49
What is the only thin the Deltoideus can't do?
Adduct
50
What is the function of the Subscapularis?
Medial arm rotator
51
Where does the Subscapularis attach?
Fossa to the lesser tubercle
52
What are the major functions of the posterior part of the Deltoideus?
* Arm abductor | * Arm Extensor and Lateral Rotator
53
Where does the Latissimus dorsi attach?
•Spinous processes, ribs, iliac crest to intertubercular sulcus
54
What is the function of the Latissimus Dorsi?
* Arm retraction | * Arm extensor and adductor and medial rotator
55
What is the function of the Teres Major?
•Arm extensor and medial rotator
56
What does the Teres Major assist?
The Latissimus Dorsi
57
Where does the Latissimus dorsi attach?
Inferior angle of the scapular to medial side of intertubercular sulcus
58
Where does the Supraspinatus attach?
Supraspinous fossa to greater tubercle
59
What is the function of the Supraspinatus?
Arm abductor (assists the deltoid)
60
Which muscle assists the Deltoid?
The supraspinatus
61
How does the Supraspinatus assist the deltoid?
It does the first 15º of abduction of the arm
62
What is the function of the Infraspinatus?
Lateral Arm Rotator
63
What is the function of the Teres Minor?
Lateral arm rotator
64
Where does the Infraspinatus attach?
Infraspinous fossa to greater tubercle
65
Where does the Teres minor attach?
Axillary border to greater tubercle
66
What are the rotator Cuff muscles?
* Supraspinatus * Infraspinatus * Teres minor * Subscapularis
67
What is the function of the Rotator cuff muscles?
•Tendons reinforce the shoulder joint capsule and hold the humeral head against the glenoid fossa which prevents dislocation of shoulder joint
68
What are the Anterior muscles moving the Forearm at the elbow joint?
* Brachialis * Brachioradialis * Biceps brachii
69
What is the function of the Anterior muscles moving the forearm at the elbow joints?
Flex the arm at the elbow joint
70
Where does the Biceps Brachii attach?
Scapula above glenoid cavity and coracoid process to Radial tuberosity
71
What is the function of the Bieps Brachii?
* Powerful forearm supinator | * Forearm flexor
72
When are the Biceps Brachii especially strong?
When the arm is supinated
73
What is the Strongest Supinator?
The Biceps Brachii
74
Where does the Brachialis connect?
Humeral shaft to coronoid process of ulna
75
What is the function of the Brachialis?
It is a powerful forearm flexor
76
When is the Brachialis strongest?
When the arm is pronated
77
Where does the Brachioradialis connect?
Above the lateral epicondyle to styloid process of the radius
78
What is the function of the Brachioradialis?
It is the forearm flexor when half pronated
79
What are the Posterior Muscles moving the arm at the Elbow joint?
Triceps Brachii
80
What is the function of the Triceps Brachii?
It is a forearm extensor and assists in arm extension
81
Where does the Triceps Brachii attach?
Under glenoid cavity, superiorW shaft of humerus, inferior shaft of humerus to olecranon process
82
What are the Anterior muscles moving the Wrist joint (superficial)?
* Flexor carpi radialis * Palmaris longus * Flexor carpi ulnaris
83
What is the common function of Anterior muscles that move the hand at the frist joint?
Flexion
84
What is the function of the Flexor Carpi Radialis?
Hand flexor and abductor
85
What is the function of the Palmaris Longus?
Weak hand flexor (not always present)
86
What is the function of the Flexor Carpi Ulnaris?
Hand flexor and adductor
87
Which muscle is not always present?
The Palmaris longus
88
What is the function of the Flexor Retinaculum?
Strong fibrous band forming roof of carpal tunnel
89
What are the Anterior muscles moving the digits (intermediate layer)?
Flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS)
90
What is the function of the Flexor Digitorum Superficialis
Finger flexor
91
What are the Anterior muscles moving the digits (deep layer)?
* Flexor Pollicis Longus (FPL) | * Flexor Digitorum profundus
92
What is the function of the Flexor Pollicis Longus (FLP)?
Thumb (pollex) flexor
93
What is the function of the Flexor Digitorum profundus (FDP)?
Finger Flexor
94
Where does the FPL attach?
Radial shaft to distal phalanx of digit 1
95
Where does the FDP attach?
Ulnar shaft to distal phalanges of digits 2-5
96
What occurs in Carpal Tunnel syndrome?
Repetitive motion of the flexor tendons can irritate their sheath coverings, leading to swelling and compression of median nerve in carpal tunnel
97
What are the Posterior muscles moving the hand at the joint?
* Extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis | * Extensor carpi ulnaris
98
What is the function of the Extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis?
Hand extensor and abductor
99
What is the function of the Extensor Carpi Ulnaris?
Hand extensor and adductor
100
What are the Posterior muscles moving the digits?
* Extensor digitorum and extensor digiti minimi (5th digit) | * Extensors (longus and brevis) and abductor pollicis (for thumb)
101
What is the function of the Extensor digitorum and extensor digiti minimi (5th digit)
Finger extensors (digits 2,3,4,5)
102
What is the function of Extensors (longus and brevis) and Abductor Pollicis
Thumb extensor and abductor
103
What does the Supinator wrap around?
It wraps around the Radius
104
What is the function of the Supinator?
It supinates the wrist
105
Which muscle protonate the wrist?
Pronator teres and Pronator quadratus
106
How do the Pronators work?
They bring the radius over the ulna
107
Which muscles Supinate the wrist?
Supinator and Biceps brachii
108
What are muscles associated with the Thumb called?
Thenar muscles
109
What are muscles associated with the pinky called?
Hypothenar muscles
110
What is the function of the Thenar and Hypothenar muscles?
Opposition of the fingers
111
What is the function of Palmar interossei muscles?
Finger adductors of digits 2,4 and 5
112
What is the function of the 4 Lumbricals?
Flexor of metacarpophalangeal joints but extensor for interphalangeal joints (digits 2,3,4,5)
113
What are the Hypothenar muscles?
* Flexor digiti minimi * Opponens digiti minimi * Abductor digiti minimi
114
What are the Thenar muscles?
* Flexor pollicis brevis * Opponens pollicis * Abductor pollicis brevis
115
What is the function of the 4 Dorsal Interossei?
They abduct the fingers (digits 2,3, and 4)
116
What is the difference in function between long and short muscles?
Long muscles help with forceful contractions
117
What are the lower limbs innervated by?
Lumbosacral plexus
118
What are the four major muscle groups?
* Hip * Thigh * Leg * Foot
119
What are lower limbs designed for?
* Stability | * Locomotion, posture, and balance
120
What are the muscles moving the thigh at the hip joint?
* Gluteus minimus * Gluteus medius * Gluteus maximus
121
What is the function of the Gluteus Minimus?
Thigh abductor to medial rotator
122
What is the function of the Gluteus Medius?
Thigh abductor and medial rotator
123
What is the function of the Gluteus maximus?
Thigh (hyper) extensor and lateral rotator
124
Where does the Gluteus minimus attach?
Ilium to greater trochanter
125
Where does the Gluteus medius attach?
Iliac crest to greater trochanter
126
Where does the Gluteus maximus attach?
Iliac crest and sacrum to gluteal tuberosity
127
What is the function of the lesser gluteal muscles?
Keeps the pelvis from tilting down on its unsupported side
128
What muscles move the thigh at the hip joint?
* Iliopsoas | * Adductor muscle group
129
Which muscles are included in the Iliopsoas?
Iliacus and Psoas major
130
What muscles are included in the Adductor muscle group?
* Magnus * Longus * Brevis
131
What is the function of the Iliopsoas?
Thigh flexor
132
What is the functions of the Adductor muscle group?
Thigh adductor, flexor and medial rotator
133
Which muscles move the leg at the knee joint?
* Quadriceps femoris | * Sartorius
134
Which muscles are included in the Quadriceps femoris?
* Rectus femoris * Vastus lateralis * Intermedius medialis
135
What is the function of the Quadriceps femoris?
* Leg extensor | * Thigh flexor (rectus femoris)
136
What is the function of the Sartorius?
* Thigh and leg flexion | * Abduction and lateral rotation
137
Where does Quadricep femoris attach to?
ASIS and femoral shaft to tibial tuberosity via patella
138
Where does the Sartorius connect?
ASIS to medial side of tibial tuberosity
139
Which muscles move the leg at the Knee joint?
* Semitendinosus * Semimembranosus * Biceps femoris
140
What are the leg flexors and thigh extensors at the hip joint?
* Semitendinosus * Semimembranosus * Biceps femoris

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