Lecture 8 - how many types of Dinosaurs are there?

Question 1

All birds are ______ but

Answer 1

all birds are dinosaurs but not all dinosaurs are birds

Question 2

What are the 3 periods that the dinos were alive during?

Answer 2

Triassic, jurrasic, cretaceous

Question 3

The oldest known confirmed dinosaur material is from _______ and was found in _____Ma. Their traits are very primitive

Answer 3

Argentina. 229-218

Question 4

Morphospecies

Answer 4

Group of species that have some reliable characteristics distinguishing them from all other species

Question 5

What is the problem with defining morphospecies?

Answer 5

We can’t always tell if the observed variation is due to individual variation, sexual dimorphism, ontogenetic change, or incomplete fossil record

Question 6

Ontongeneic changes

Answer 6

changes over life span. Puberty vs child vs adult

Question 7

What are the 3 major groups of Dinosaurs?

Answer 7

Theropods
Sauropodomorphs
Ornithischians

Question 8

Theropods

Answer 8

meat eating - TRex

Question 9

Sauropodomorphs

Answer 9

Long-necked dinosaur

Question 10

Ornithischians

Answer 10

Everything else

Question 11

Harry Seeley

Answer 11

Recognized that all dinos have 3 bons that make up the pelvic girdle

Question 12

What are the 3 pelic bones?

Answer 12

ilium
ischium
pubis

Question 13

How can the pubis be oriented? 2 ways

Answer 13

1. Down and slightly forward as in the lizard-hipped (saurischians)
2. Part of it points backwards as in the bird-hippped dinosaurs

Question 14

How is the pubic bone pointed in saurischians?

Answer 14

Down and forward

Question 15

How is the pubic bone pointed in ornithiscians?

Answer 15

a part is pointed backward and lies along the ischium

Question 16

Based on the hips, _____ and ______ are considered saurischians. And all other dinos are _____

Answer 16

therapods. sauropodomorphs. ornithischians

Question 17

Which lineage led to birds? Ornithiscia or the sarischia?

Answer 17

Saurischian

Question 18

What are some features of ornithischia?

Answer 18

Predentary bone
Palpebral (narrow bone)

Question 19

Is there more evidential support for ornithischia or saurischia?

Answer 19

Or

Question 20

The _________ are a really well defined group of dinosaurs

Answer 20

ornithischia

Question 21

When was the big reorganization?

Answer 21

2017

Question 22

In 2017, Baron et al re-analyzed the morphologic characters and proposed a new cladorgram which group…

Answer 22

theropods and ornithischians into a new group called the ornithoscelida

Question 23

Describe the classic interpretation changing into the Baron et al. 2017 cladogram

Question 24

The therapods have been kicked out of the daurischia suggeting that —

Answer 24

hips are not a diagnostic character

Question 25

What problems are solved with 2017 Baron et al?

Answer 25

-Some members of the Ornithischia and Theropoda have feathers or feather-like structures, but sauropodomorphs
-primitive ornithischians look like therapods
-birds are lizard hipped dinos

Question 26

What are problems with the new cladogram?

Answer 26

1. Both sauropodomorphs and theropods have pneumatic bones but ornithicians don’t
2. Carnivory evolved twice

Question 27

What are the 3 groups of dinosaurs?

Answer 27

Ornithischia
Sauropodamorpha
Theropds