Lecture 8 - Part 1

Question 1

the largest organ system, that protects the body from damage, comprising the skin and its appendages

Answer 1

integumentary system

Question 2

attachment site for sensory receptor to detect pain, sensation, pressure, and temperature

Answer 2

integumentary system

Question 3

What are the functions of the integumentary system?

Answer 3

waterproof
cushion
protect the deeper tissues
excrete wastes
regulate temperature

Question 4

has soft, delicate, and mucus-secreting gland epidermis, which secretes the – of the cell

Answer 4

Molluscs; calcium carbonate

Question 5

Cephalopod molluscs (squids and octopuses) have developed a more complex integument that is a layer of reflecting cells called –

Answer 5

iridocytes

Question 6

has the most complex – protection and support

Answer 6

Arthropods

Question 7

The arthropod integument consists of a single-layered epidermis (more precisely called hypodermis), which secretes a complex cuticle of two zones which are the –

Answer 7

epicuticle and procuticle

Question 8

outer, thin, nonchitinous cuticle

Answer 8

epicuticle

Question 9

inner, thick, chitinous cuticle

Answer 9

procuticle

Question 10

a crustacean’s (crabs and lobsters) cuticle is hardened by a process called –

Answer 10

calcification

Question 11

an insect’s cuticle is hardened by a process called –

Answer 11

sclerotization

Question 12

deposition of calcium carbonate in the outer layers of the procuticle.

Answer 12

calcification

Question 13

cross-linking of procuticle proteins forming a
highly resistant and insoluble protein

Answer 13

sclerotization

Question 14

a highly resistant and insoluble protein formed in sclerotization

Answer 14

sclerotin

Question 15

arthropods undergo molting. What do you call the sloughed-off exoskeleton?

Answer 15

exuviae

Question 16

thin, outer, stratified epithelial layer derived from ectoderm

Answer 16

epidermis

Question 17

inner, thick layer, derived from mesoderm

Answer 17

dermis

Question 18

the epidermis is derived from

Answer 18

ectoderm

Question 19

the dermis is derived from

Answer 19

mesoderm

Question 20

known as the true skin

Answer 20

dermis

Question 21

the technical term for our skin

Answer 21

cutaneous membrane

Question 22

the inner lining of some organs and body cavities such as the respiratory organs

Answer 22

mucus membrane

Question 23

the inner lining of some organs and body cavities such as the respiratory organs

Answer 23

mucus membrane

Question 24

Functions of Skin

Answer 24

• Protects from injuries
• Acts as barrier and regulates what enters/leaves body.
• Regulates body temperature.
• Synthesizes, stores vitamins.
• Sensory functions

Question 25

Structures of the Skin: EPIDERMIS

Answer 25

* Upper layer of the skin * Thin * Avascular * Stratified squamous

Question 26

stratum basal is also known as

Answer 26

stratum germinavatum

Question 27

a sublayer of the epidermis in constant mitosis

Answer 27

stratum germinavatum

Question 28

* Basal layer * Dividing cells * Good nutrient supply * Regeneration of skin

Answer 28

stratum germinavatum

Question 29

* Living cells * Dividing * 8-10 cells thick * Polygonal in appearance

Answer 29

stratum spinosum

Question 30

* Poor nutrient supply * Flatten layer of cells * 3-5 cells thick * No cell division * keratinization

Answer 30

stratum granulosum

Question 31

* Found only in very thick skin * Translucent * Highly keratinized * Dead cells

Answer 31

stratum lucidum

Question 32

* 25-30 cells thick * Cornified cells * Sloughed off * Outermost layer

Answer 32

Stratum Corneum

Question 33

Structure of the dermis

Answer 33

Irregular dense connective tissue collagenous fibers

Question 34

the dermis is composed of

Answer 34

* Sweat gland * Sebaceous gland * Arrector pili muscle * Blood vessels

Question 35

The layer of the dermis is a thin superficial layer of areolar tissue and heavily vascularized

Answer 35

papillary

Question 36

The layer of the dermis is about 80% of the dermis, a typical dense irregular connective tissue, and contains bundles of interlacing collagen fibers that run parallel to the skin surface.

Answer 36

reticular

Question 37

Consists of connective tissues (areolar & adipose). Anchors skin to the underlying muscles

Answer 37

hypodermis (subcutaneous)

Question 38

two types of skin appendages

Answer 38

Dermal derivatives and Epidermal derivatives

Question 39

A dermal derivative that is also known as a dermal bone

Answer 39

ostracoderms

Question 40

types of dermal derivatives

Answer 40

* dermal bone (ostracoderms) * placoid scale (chondrichthyes) * ganoid * leptoid * ctenoid scale * osteoderms

Question 41

A dermal derivative that is derived from embryonic nervous system

Answer 41

chromatophores

Question 42

A type of chromatophore responsible for the brown to black pigments

Answer 42

melanophores

Question 43

A type of chromatophore responsible for the yellow pigment

Answer 43

lipophores and xanthophores

Question 44

A type of chromatophore responsible for the red pigment

Answer 44

erythrophores

Question 45

A type of chromatophore responsible for the white pigment

Answer 45

guanophores