Lecture 8 - Physical activity Flashcards
(34 cards)
What % in 2008 sufficiently active?
39% men
29% women
less than 13% over 65 have minimum recommended physical activity
What % are active in 2016?
35% men
27% women
How much exercise you supposed to have?
5 moderate-intesntiy activity (30 mins) a week
5 high intensity (15 mins) a week
2/3 arent doing this
What % are obese
58% women
69% men
10% children before school
How many eat 5 a day?
24% men
What does physical inactivity cause in like death terms?
4th leading cause of death
7.7% deaths from high income countries
How much does NHS spend on treating overweighteness?
11bn a year
1 k a second
What are the benefits of physical activity?
√ - weight control √ - less chance of CV disease √ - less stress/ anxiety/ depression √ - more self-esteem √ - higher quality of life, mood etc √ - socialise
Who came up with theory of reasoned action?
Ajen & Fishbein (1980)
Outline Ajen & Fishbein (1980) theory of reasoned action?
- Understands behaviour through intentions
- Predictors of intentions is attitudes (most important, what i think) and subjective norms (what others think)
Everything runs through intentions, key part of doing exercise or not
Limits of TRA?
X - assumes behaviour is under control totally
X - Assumes we make rational decision making with all available info - we dont weight up all the pros or cons, our behaviour is random/ spontaneous
What were the reasons we dont exercise? According to Downs & Hausenblas (2005)
Knowing benefits doesnt bring behaviour change, barriers are in the way
- health issues (mental or physical)
- inconvienience ( no facilities)
- lack of motivation (lazy)
- lack of social support
- lack of time or money
Who came up with theory of planned behaviour?
Ajzen (1985)
Outline Ajzen (1985) theory of planned behaviour
Improved on TRA, by adding env factor of “perceive behavioural control”
- can sometimes skip intentions, and directly impact behaviour
- Perceived behavioural control includes resources, opportunities, obstacles
- Leads to controlability - how in control of exercise you are and self-efficacy
- Controlability leads to behaviour
- self-effiacy leads to intention
What did Hausenblas, Carron & mack (1997) do?
Looked at effective sizes between the components of TPB and health behaviours
- Very strong effect from attitudes to intentions and from intentions to behaviours
- strong effect from perceived behavioural control to behaviour
- subjective norm less so important
What did Hagger, Chattzisarantis & Biddle (2002) do?
Meta analysis - looked at TRA and TPB compared to physical exercice
- looked at correlation, not effect size
- attitude was again strongest, perceived behavioural control aslo important
What are limitations of TRA and TPB
X - ignores personality/ demographics
X - ignores past habits
X - How long from testing intentions to measuring behaviour
X - We take mental shortcuts, and dont think rationally - tennis and ball = £1.10
What do ecological models for why we dont exercise do?
- How env and behaviours effect each other
- Reltionships between factors are complex, everything influences everything else:
- physical vs psychological environment
- social env
- policy env (gov)
Describe the inuit study
30 year study
- communites were becoming more westernised and physical changes were recorded
- from 1970-90, no longer used a dog sled, just a skidoo
- moved from temporary summer fishing camps/ winter igloos to permanant housing
- Didnt hunt with dogs or sleds, or fished with kayaks - now with ATV’s and skiddos, power boats
- findings:
- 40 year old skin fold measurements had tribled, quadrupled
What did James Levine study?
Office workers - found obese people tended to sit 2.5 hours more than others
- movement (not exercise entirely) in workplace is key to avoiding obesity
- P’s were given a desk with a treadmill- lost weight and came alive as a person
What did Morris et al (1953) do?
Bus drivers vs conductors
- coronory heart disease was 50% higher in drivers, sudden death was 2 times more likely in drivers too (heady et al (1961)
What physical environment factors affect obesity?
- technological advances
- escalators not stairs
- fast food restaurants
- obseogenic environment
- drive throughs, online shopping
What are the 2 types of interventions?
- Psychological interventions
2. environmental interventions
What are the sucesses of the frameworks? effect sizes?
cognitive-behavioural intervention = .10
Behaviour modification = .92
- most effective
Exercise prescription = .21
