Lecture 8 Questions Flashcards
(21 cards)
What insecticide was identified in the dog’s stomach contents in Case #1?
Carbofuran, a carbamate insecticide.
What are common differential diagnoses for sudden death in dogs with minimal lesions?
Organophosphates/carbamates, strychnine, fluoroacetate, zinc phosphide, garbage poisoning, and drugs of abuse.
Which heavy metal toxicosis is most commonly seen in cattle according to the ADDL?
Lead poisoning.
Why are birds especially susceptible to Teflon (PTFE) toxicity?
Due to their highly efficient respiratory systems and high metabolic rates.
What condition in cattle is characterized by laminar cortical necrosis and elevated liver lead concentrations?
Lead poisoning causing polioencephalomalacia.
What is a common source of lead poisoning in kittens in renovated houses?
Lead paint dust from sanding painted walls.
Why are dogs more likely to suffer chocolate toxicity than humans?
Dogs have a longer half-life for theobromine and slower metabolism due to lower N-demethylase activity.
What is the toxic compound in white snakeroot that causes ‘milk sickness’?
Tremetone or tremetol.
Which cyanobacteria toxins are hepatotoxins, and what do they inhibit?
Microcystins and nodularins; they inhibit protein phosphatases 1 and 2A.
What mechanism makes botulinum toxin so dangerous?
It binds to cholinergic nerve terminals and blocks acetylcholine release, leading to flaccid paralysis.
What are the four key components needed to confirm a diagnosis of poisoning in veterinary toxicology?
1) Clinical signs/history, 2) Pathological findings, 3) Biological effect marker, 4) Toxicant detection in tissues.
What does a decrease in brain cholinesterase activity indicate in toxicology?
Exposure to organophosphates or carbamates.
Why is lead passed into milk, and what is the public health risk?
Lead mimics calcium and is excreted in milk, risking exposure to offspring and humans.
What are the clinical signs of Teflon (PTFE) toxicity in birds?
Respiratory distress, ataxia, depression, pulmonary necrosis, and sudden death.
Which species are highly susceptible to acetaminophen toxicity and why?
Cats, due to a deficiency in glucuronyl transferase.
What is the half-life of theobromine in dogs, and why is this significant?
~17.5 hours; it increases risk of chocolate toxicity.
What are common sources of botulinum toxin exposure in horses?
Contaminated hay or water with dead animals or Clostridium botulinum.
What are the effects of microcystin toxicity from cyanobacteria?
Liver necrosis, hemorrhage, elevated enzymes, vomiting, diarrhea, shock, and death in 24–48 hours.
What promotes harmful algal blooms (HABs)?
Hot, dry weather, stagnant water, and nutrient-rich conditions.
What toxic gas was released in the East Palestine, OH train derailment?
Phosgene gas.
Why are cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) dangerous to animals, and what toxins do they produce?
They can produce hepatotoxins (microcystins, nodularins) and neurotoxins (anatoxin-a, anatoxin-a(s)), leading to liver damage or neurologic signs.
