lecture 82 Flashcards
svensson -- pharmacology of cannabis/cannabinoids
what are the key factors of hemp?
a strain of cannabis that is grown for agricultural products
contains less than 0.3% THC
what are the key factors of marijuana?
a strain of cannabis sativa that commonly contains 15-20% THC
cultivated to optimize THC content for psychoactive effects
what are the key factors of synthetic marijuana?
illicit synthetic compounds that are analogs of THC and bind to the CB1 receptors as full agonists producing similar psychoactive effects as THC
what is endocannabinoid system?
an endogenous system comprised of 4 components – cannabinoid receptors, ligands, EMT, and enzymes
regulates immunity, memory, mood, pain, and perception
what ligands and enzymes are part of the ECS?
ligands – anandamide and 2-AG
enzymes – fatty acid hydrolase, monoglycerol lipase, and diacylglycerol lipase
what is THC?
delta 9 - tetrahydrocannibol
primary euphoric component in marijuana
agonist of the CB1 and CB2 receptors of the ECS
what is CBD?
cannabidiol
non-euphoric natural cannabinoid widely marketed for a variety of uses that is not an agonist for CB receptors
what is delta 8-THC?
a euphoric component in cannabis sativa
increasingly present in the unregulated market
what is dronabinol/marinol?
a schedule 3 FDA-approved synthetic delta9-THC in sesame oil
indicated for AIDS-associated anorexia and refractory chemotherapy-related NV
what is nabilone/cesamet?
a schedule 2 FDA-approved THC mimetic
indicated for chemotherapy induced NV
what is cannabidiol/epidolex?
fda approved form of CBD
indicated for 2 rare seizure disorders – Dravet syndrome and Lennox-Gastaut syndrome
what are the 3 THC/CBD products that are FDA approved?
dronabinol/marinol
nabilone/cesamet
cannabidiol/epidolex
what is the primary role of endocannabinoids and phytocannabinoids?
serve as retrograde regulators of neurotransmission, inhibiting release of GABA and glutamine
how has THC content in cannabis changed?
increased by 4x from 1995 to 2021
what is the likelihood of developing a cannabis use disorder?
about 1 in 10
how do mental health conditions and cannabis use associate?
fairly well-established but no clear cause and effect
strongest evidence with heavy cannabis use and SZ
what is cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome?
acute disorder associated with excessive cannabinoid ingestion
pt presents with abdominal pain and cyclic vomiting
commonly associated with pathological bathing (hot showers/bath)
what were important legislative years for cannabis change?
1937 –> Marijuana Tax Act
1970 –> Marijuana becomes illegal
1996 –> California becomes first legal medical marijuana state via Prop 215
2013 –> Cole Memo shifts it to state law
what are the perceptual effects of marijuana?
temporal slowing
auditory, visual, or tactile illusions
depersonalization
what are the affective effects of cannabis ingestion?
euphoria
disinhibition
anxiety
emotional lability
what are the physical effects of cannabis ingestion?
tachycardia
postural hypotension
conjunctival injection
dry mouth
increased appetite
what are the cognitive effects of cannabis ingestion?
suspiciousness or paranoid ideation
impaired judgement
impaired reaction time
impaired attention
what is the difference between CB1 and CB2?
CB1 – more present in the brain (except for respiratory regions)
CB2 – more present in the periphery
what is the treatment of cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome?
cannabis cessation
benzos
haloperidol
capsaicin cream (for abdomen pain)
