Lecture 9 Flashcards
Proceduralization
Turning propositional knowledge into skill.
Ex. Reading an instruction manual and then carrying it out.
Procedural Competence
Approach to development via the development of better skills, expertise.
Mnemonic strategies
Strategies are presented propositionally but need to figure out how to use instructions and turn them into procedures you can implement.
Automatization
Training procedures so they can happen efficiently and with great reduction in effort and attention.
Measured by how they demand working memory and reduce cognitive load.
Automatization critics
The more automatic a process, the more it constraints processing.
Deautomatization
Reversing automatization where we externalize our processing in order totry and debug it.
Steinburg: Bridge game
A game between novices and experts where if the rules were modified novices beated experts.
Experts autmatization of the game made any changes result in their failure.
Zelazo: Cognitive complexity and Control Theory
Central theory in information processing approach
Working memory can be integrated with duality of representation which relies on metacognition which relies on dialogical distributed cognition.
Dimensional card sorting task
Individuals ask to sort cards that vary in both shape and colour by one of the dimensions.
- 3 year old can do task.
After learning task, rules change where sorting is by shape.
-Most 4 year olds can do this, 3 year olds can’t.
Similar to Deloache- hardiship of duality of representation
Embedding
A degree of complexity required to deal with the dimensional change.
A higher order rule allows to look at behavior.
Children lack sufficient metacognition to step back and look at their own cognition, they can look through and identify there is a problem.
Relies on implicit assumption of network.
Duality of representation
To truly use representation, yu have to look throuhg it and look at it.
Problem with embedding is to a lack of realization of their duality of represesntation.
Metacognition
Ability to step back and use dual representation to find the higher order rule and do a complex behavior.
Depends of dialogical distributed cognition, internalizing the perspective of others.
Transparency to opacity shift
Ability to pay attention to your cognition rather than through it.
Allows metacognitive awareness, recognition of duality of representation, and embedding of lower rules into higher order rules.
Perspectivale shift
Perspectivale practice, demonstration, engaging in imitation to shift attention and alter what we find salient to allow different kinds of learning.
Change in 4 year old
They start to imitate and internalize the perspective of adults, which give them metacognitive abilities and attain transparent to opacity shift allowing them to do duality of representations and find the higher order rule.
