Lecture Block 1

Question 1

What is the Malthusian Trap of the 1800’s

Answer 1

Countries poor due to expanding populations and surplus not increasing as fast.

Question 2

In the 1900 this was the period of,

Answer 2

Economic growth for Britain and other countries such as the US.

Question 3

An increase in Economic growth can cause a change in development indicators, name some:

Answer 3

• malnutrition
• starvation
• disease
• conflict
• IMR
• education
• literacy rates
• life expectancy
• GDP

Question 4

When was the Brits period of rapid growth

Answer 4

1780-1870 in which it peaked

Question 5

What was Brits GDP growth in 1780 and 2015

Answer 5

1,1.4

Question 6

What was Brits Life expectancy in 1780 and 2015

Answer 6

35,78

Question 7

What were the 4 stages of the take off

Answer 7

1) increase in investment
2) cluster of tech innovations
3) development of new skills and health improvements
4) policies and institution

Question 8

1)Increase in investment causes

Answer 8

increase in infrastructure eg canals and roads aiding transportation of goods

Question 9

2) examples of tech innovation

Answer 9

Brits Cotton, wool and steels

Question 10

3) development of new skills examples

Answer 10

Increase in human capital increasing productivity

Question 11

Output increases if

Answer 11

1)2)3)4) increase

Question 12

When was the industrial revolution

Answer 12

1760-1830

Question 13

What was the GNP before and after the 18 century

Answer 13

1%,2%

Question 14

What were the improvements in the industrial revolution in relation to the 4 pillars

Answer 14

1) investment rates rose to 8.5% in 1800
2) textiles and steam powered inventions as well as improvements in agriculture
3) Healthcare and standards of living increased

Question 15

Victorian revolution occurred during

Answer 15

1830-1914

Question 16

What were the improvements made to the 4 pillars during the Victorian era

Answer 16

1) Investments caused GNP to rise by 10% with railway age and steamship trade
2) tech innovation in steel and medicine
3) decline in mortality, improvements in SOL
4) free market policy

Question 17

Modern period occurred during

Answer 17

1914-2000

Question 18

What changes occurred to the 4 pillars during the modern period.

Answer 18

1) fall in growth before ww2 but rise in growth after
2) mass electrification, air transport in infrastructural improvements
3) Technical inventions such as TV shopping and medial improvements
4) Policies improvements

Question 19

What were the policy improvements made during the modern period?

Answer 19

1) free trade of 1914

2) free markets after 1980 leading to rapid inflation

Question 20

What is the convergence period

Answer 20

1980’s when other MEDC’s caught up to Britain and surpassed such as USA, Germany and Japan

Question 21

What are the 3 driving forces behind investment and savings in the 1700-1800’s

Answer 21

• beliefs and religions
• better industrial organisation
• better financial support
• higher levels of reinvestment

Question 22

Belief and Religion driving savings was due to

Answer 22

Christian Quakers not allowed into Ox bridge but are huge business players such as Cadbury

Question 23

Better financial support driving savings was due

Answer 23

Lowering internet of the Banks during 18th Century

Question 24

Re investments supporting savings included

Answer 24

Sam Walkers Sheffield cottage in 1741, perused his business over school worth £100 million in today’s money.

Question 25

Industrial Organisation supported saving and investment by

Answer 25

Only Workshops in early 1700's and little to no exploitation of workers

Question 26

Name 4 technical changes during the industrial revolution

Answer 26

1) agricultural revolution 2) foreign trade 3) Textile and steam improvements 4) Steel improvements

Question 27

Describe processes during the agricultural revolution

Answer 27

1) Three tiered structure, Landlords, Farmers, Labour 2) Crop rotation and drainage strats 3) Poor forced of land and had to migrate.

Question 28

Describe the process of foreign trade in the revolution

Answer 28

1) rapid growth in technical innovation and expansion of specialised factories such as cotton factorises.

Question 29

Describe the process of textiles and steam power

Answer 29

Textiles Machinery e.g Spinning Jinny in 1700's | Steam Power e.g Steam Engine 1780's

Question 30

Describe the process of the Steel industry in the industrial revolution

Answer 30

- Steel stronger than iron - Made from Iron and carbon - Steel made by CEMENTATION and heated up to 2000C to remove impurities.

Question 31

What was the Infrastructural revolution

Answer 31

Increased levels of transportation access for the vast distribution of the goods and services markets. e.g Mersey and Thames in 1789. Introduction to railways e.g. Liverpool- Manchester reduced travel time instead of using traditional horses

Question 32

Describe the improvements to Education and Health during the industrial revolution

Answer 32

1) 'Night schools', people were educated through apprenticeship 2) E.g Sheffield cottage industry 3) They grew more food than Leeds and Manchester counterparts.

Question 33

What was the change over the industrial revolutions population over 1760-1830

Answer 33

It doubled

Question 34

No great improvements in SOL during the industrial revolution. Examples of living standards include

Answer 34

- Low wage - workforce exploitation - low productivity - high fertility

Question 35

What period was known as the catch up period

Answer 35

Victorian revolution

Question 36

Give an overview of the Victorian era in terms of Britain performance.

Answer 36

- period when other nations took over - period when LEDCs rapidly grew compare to UK - Peak growth in 1870 - USA and Germany took over

Question 37

Give three examples of old industries in the Victorian era

Answer 37

1) Cotton textiles- US comp 2) woollen textiles -sheff eg 3) coal

Question 38

Give three examples of new industries in the Victorian era

Answer 38

1) steel in the late 1800s 2) engineering 3) Glass and chemicals

Question 39

What is Sheffield well known for during the Victorian era

Answer 39

STEEL

Question 40

Where did the production of steel begin

Answer 40

Workshop production in watermills making hand tools

Question 41

What were the two key inventions causing the Sheff steel to thrive and when were they invented?

Answer 41

1) Crucible Steel- 1810 which was melted to increase strength 2) Bessemer Converter- Introduced in 1850, blow air onto iron and helped build railways

Question 42

Through what process did European countries attempt to compete with USA

Answer 42

Specialisation

Question 43

What percent was USA steel production more efficient

Answer 43

15%

Question 44

What was Sheffield input to global steel production in 1870

Answer 44

12%

Question 45

Why was the US outperforming the UK in steel production

Answer 45

The US was more capital intensive with cheap cap and expensive labour

Question 46

How did the empire aid Growth

Answer 46

1) Investment too low at home 2) growth on exports low 3) limitations of globalisation

Question 47

Why was the UK behind in terms of industrial organisation. Compare: 1) Cotton 2) Steel 3) Coal

Answer 47

1) Cotton Industry used Ring Spindles in the UK which were more efficient 2) UK steel used expensive ores in the NE 3) Slow levels of mechanisation in the coal industry

Question 48

How did the level of Skills and education progress during the 1800s

Answer 48

The Introduction of more universities such as Sheffield and Liverpool. Sheff in 1889 had ties with the Steel Masters

Question 49

How did Technology improve during the Victorian period

Answer 49

Railway networking and steamships of 1830 as well as increased levels of telecommunication