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A&P II > Lecture exam question key > Flashcards

Lecture exam question key Flashcards

1
Q
  1. . pluripotent cells
A

Become myeloid or lymphoid

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2
Q
  1. rbcs erythrocytes
A

Not spheroidal/sphere, they are biconcave disc shape

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3
Q

3 . hemoglobin

A

Has Iron is in the center of the hymn pigment

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4
Q

4 . erythropoiesis

A

RBC keeps pace with destruction maintaining homeostasis

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5
Q

5 . wbcs

A

Neutrophil 70% Bacterial
Infections (polys, segs, bands)

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6
Q

6 . wbcs

A

Basophil 1%
allergic reactions

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7
Q

7 . wbcs versus rbcs

A

WBC have MHC, while RBC does not. All of the above*

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8
Q

8 . wbcs

A

neutrophils 60-70% (up if bacterial infection)
–lymphocytes 20-25% (up if viral infection)
–monocytes 3 – 8 % (up if fungal/viral infection)
–eosinophils 2 – 4 % (up if parasite or allergy reaction)
–basophils <1% (up if allergy reaction or hypothyroid)

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9
Q

9 . chemotaxis

A

Extracellular destruction

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10
Q

10 . Hemostasis

A

Three steps – Vascular spasm, Platelet plug formation, and congulation. Stopping bleeding. All of the above*

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11
Q

11 . Platelets

A

Fibrinogen not found inside platelets

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12
Q

12 . platelet plug formation

A

1st step platelets adhere to the wall (Prothom brace formed).

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13
Q

13 . blood coagulation

A

turning liquid into solid fibrin threads, Formation of prothrombinase

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14
Q

14 . blood groups

A

Based on inherited antigen in the surface of erithrocytes

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15
Q

15 . Leukemia

A

Large numbers of abnormal WBC

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16
Q

16 . functions of blood

A

Does not promote loss

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17
Q

17 . epo tpo cytokines

A

Trouble clotting, making blood cells, making her anemic. Cytokines not made in the kidney. EPO produce in kidney and TPO produce in liver. Not all of the above

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18
Q

18 . pericardium

A

Anchors the heart to the diaphragm, letter A

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19
Q

19 . heart wall

A

Has three parts endocarium, Myocarium, Epicardium. Myocarium middle layer made of largely muscle tissue as two sublayers

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20
Q

20 . external surface of the heart

A

Coronary sulcus has most the fat since its very deep

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21
Q

21 . right atrium

A

superior vena cava, opening of coronary sinus, and inferior vena cava. We see three openings.

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22
Q

22 . left ventricle

A

Has trabeculae carne

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23
Q

23 . left ventricle

A

The lumen has a circular perimeter

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24
Q

24 . cardiac valves

A

Opens and closes in response to pressure

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25
25 . cardiac valves
Not all valves has Chordae Tendinae . Has one way flow no backwards, ensure one-way flow
26
26 . cardiac valves
Could be either pulmonary semiulnar or aortic semiulnar. When the right atrium compresses it prevents the backflow of blood.
27
27 . sequence blood through heart
From lower body, never superior vena cave. Inferior vena cave and right atrium.
28
28 . bicuspid valve
Right ventricle
29
29 . coronary sinus
Right Atrium
30
30 . circulation of blood
Coronary is not part of pulmonary, its part of the systemic circulation.
31
31 . coronary circulation
Great cardiac vein does not belong
32
32 . cardiac muscle tissue
Cardiac muscle is branched and skeletal muscle is cylindrical. Is not cylindrical its branched.
33
33 . autorhythmic cells
Depolarizes spontaneously
34
34 . pacemaker of the heart
SA node
35
35 . order of the propagation
1.SA node 2.AV node 3.AV bundle 4.Bundle Branches 5.Purkinje Fibers.
36
36 . cardiac conduction system
Ectopic pacemaker gets stimulated by caffeine and nicotine.
37
37 . plateau phase
Calcium, Calcium, Calcium, K+ decrease permeability, no sodium,
38
38 . cardiac muscle
Most of ATP for cardiac muscle comes from fatty acids
39
39 . Electrocardiogram
Can detect enlargeheart (cardiomegaly), abnormal conduction, ischemia, disturbance in pathway, all of the above
40
40 . Electrocardiogram
Ventricles is depolarizing, and the atria is repolarizing
41
41 . Electrocardiogram
coronary artery disease
42
42 . cardiac cycle
Ventricle systole begins after QRS
43
43 . a single cardiac cycle
Include all of the events in one heartbeat. High pressire to low pressure. Occur dependently
44
44 . relaxation period of the cardiac cycle
It is a time that becomes shorter as the heart rate increases
45
45 . atrial systole
end diastolic volume, The amount of blood contained in a ventricle in the end of atrial systole
46
46 . isovolumetric contraction
The interval when the cardiac fibers are contracting but not shortening.
47
47 . heart sounds
Closure of the valves causes heart sounds
48
48 . cardiac output
EDV – ESV = SV, 2500 ML Each ventricle, normal 5000 ML
49
49 . cardiac output
Right ventricle eject into pulmonary trunk and left ventricle eject into aorta
50
50 . cardiac output
Product of the stroke volume, Reserve = maximum - normal
51
51 . stroke volume
Blood coming in Pre-load blood coming out after-load. We adjust the stroke volume based on the amount of after-load to overcome the after-load.
52
52 . the frank-starling law
The greater the preload the greater the force of contraction
53
53 . heart failure and edema
When the left ventricle fails
54
54 . heart rate
Acetylcholine decreases heart rate, Vegas nerve makes heart
55
55 . myocardial infarction
Treated with anti-coagulation. Ans D = A and B.
56
56 . tetralogy of fallot
Stenosis, right ventricle goes intro hypothropy. Except left ventricle did not go through hypothropy. Not the left.
57
57 . Arteries
Elastic artery – Muscular – Arterials
58
58 . blood vessels
Arterioles is a key role in regulating blood flow into capillaries maintain systemic blood pressure
59
59 . Vasodilation
Increased sympathetic innervention does not vasodilation
60
60 . elastic arteries
Radial is not large elastic it distributes blood
61
61 . blood vessels
.
62
62 . Sinusoids
Liver and bone marrow
63
63 . blood reservoirs
Stored in veins and venules
64
64 . enter and leave capillaries
Balk flow, diffusion, Transcytosis
65
65 . net filtration pressure
The blood hydrostatic pressure IFOP and both cause filtration. A and B
66
66 . net filtration pressure
Some of the fluid leaks out and the lymphatic vessels picks it up.
67
67 . net filtration pressure
.
68
68 . cardiovascular center
Decreasing the sympathetic and increase parasympathetic. A and B not C
69
69 . cardiovascular center
.
70
70 . neural control of blood pressure
.
71
71 . hormones and blood pressure
Activate renin-antigiotensin-aldosterone system, release epinephrine and norepinephrine. Activation of nervous system. No A&P
72
72 . blood pressure
normal cardiac ratio
73
73 . blood through the heart -
. 1- Superior or Inferior vena cava 2- RT Atrium
74
74 . hypovolemic shock
.
75
75 . Warfarin
Blocks the vitamin K (coagulation).

A&P II (7 decks)

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