Lecture Final Flashcards
1
Q
Microscopic Anatomy
A
The anatomy of things that can’t been seen with the eye need a microscope
2
Q
Gross Anatomy
A
The anatomy of things that can be seen with the eye don’t need a microscope
3
Q
Developmental Anatomy
A
The study of structural changes from fertilization to maturity
4
Q
Systemic Anatomy
A
The study of body structures that work together to perform a function
5
Q
Epidermis
A
Keratinized stratified squamos epithelium with four layers thin skin five layers thick skin
6
Q
Five Special Senses
A
Taste Smell Vision Hearing Equilibrium
7
Q
Molecules are made of
A
Atoms
8
Q
Cells are made of
A
Molecules
9
Q
Keratinocytes
A
Produce keratin tough fibrous protein
10
Q
Chemical Senses
A
Smell Olfaction
Taste Gustation
11
Q
Anatomical Position
A
Standing upright facing forward arms hanging on the sides palms facing forward feet together
12
Q
Melanocytes
A
Produce melanin protect the skin from ultraviolet light
13
Q
Olfactory Epithelium
A
The organ of smell that covers the roof of the nasal cavity
14
Q
Dendritic Cells
A
Macrophages that ingest foreign substances and activate immune system
15
Q
Parietal Pluera
A
Outer layer of a serous membrane lines the thoracic wall
16
Q
Tactile Merkel Cells
A
Sensory receptor for touch
17
Q
Astrocytes
A
A subtype of glial cells that make up the majority of cells in the human central nervous system
18
Q
Ependymal Cells
A
Ciliated epithelial cells that develop from radial glia along the surface of the ventricles of the brain and the spinal cord
19
Q
Oligodendrocytes
A
Myelinating cells of the central nervous system
20
Q
Microglia
A
Immune cells of the brain
21
Q
Taste Buds
A
Mostly found in the tongue papilla on the tongue mucosa
22
Q
What contains the taste buds
A
Fungiform and circumvallate papillae
23
Q
Cytology
A
the study of cells for making a diagnosis based on the abnormalities encountered in the anatomical structures of the human body and then correlated to different types of cells.
24
Q
Embryology
A
The branch of biology and medicine with the study of embryos and their development
25
Stratum Basale
Single row of stem cells
26
Taste Sensations
Sweet Sour Salt Bitter Unami
27
Sweet
Sugars and some amino acids
28
Sour
Hydrogen Ions
29
Salt
Metal Ions
30
Bitter
Alkaloids
31
Unami
Savory old meat dirt
32
Homeostasis
A state of balance and equilibrium among all the body systems needed for the body to survive and function properly
33
Stratum Spinosum
Contain melanin granules and dendritic cells
34
Muscle Tissue Function
Movement Posturee Joint Stability Heat Production
35
What needs to happen to taste a food
Must be dissolved in saliva
Contact gustatory hairs
36
Frontal Plane
Front and Back plane
37
Sagittal Plane
Left and Right plane
38
Transverse Plane
Lower and Upper plane
39
Stratum Granulosum
Consists of one to five layers of epidermal cells keratinocyte appearance changes drastically
40
Ground Substance
What the extracellular matrix is made of
41
Stratum Lucidum
Only present in thick skin
42
Motor Neurons
Multipolar Mutliple Dendrites
43
Sensory Neurons
2 dendrites
44
Interneurons
More than one multipolar
45
Unipolar
One nerve process extending from the cell body an axon that extends into dendrites
46
Bipolar
A neuron that has two extensions one axon and one dendrite
47
Multipolar
A type of neuron that has a single axon and many dendrites
48
Taste is
80% smell
49
Smallest Unit of Living Things and Why
Cells because it's the most fundamental building block of every living organism
50
Stratum Corneum
Keratinized epithelial cells 20 30 layers and makes up three quarters of the thickenss of the epidermis
51
Dermis
Composed mainly of connective tissue with collagen and elastic fibers vascularized has two regions
52
Stored Energy Source Cells Use To Make ATP
Glycogen
53
Accessory Structures
Eyebrows eyelids conjunctiva lacrimal apparatus extrinsic eye muscles
54
Atomic Number
The number of protons in the nucleus
55
Papillary Region
Superficial 20% of the dermis contains loose areolar connective tissue
56
Rectus
Parallel
57
Oblique
Reaching across your body
58
Transverse
Midline of the body
59
Reticular Region
Deeper 80% of dermis contains dense irregular connective tissue
60
Extensibility
The property of a muscle allowing it to stretch without damage
61
Conjunctiva
Transparent mucus membrane
62
Isotopes
Same element same number of protons but different number of neutrons
63
Melanin
Pigment that helps to protect DNA skin cells from UV radiation by absorbing rays
64
Nodes of Ranvier
Gaps in the myelin sheath
65
Lacrimal Apparatus
Tear system
66
Triglycerides
Store unused calories provide body with energy
67
Carotene
Yellow to orange pigment found in certain plant foods like carrots accumulates in stratum corneum and fatty tissue
68
Covalent Bond
Sharing one or more electrons
69
Ionic Bond
Transfer one or more electrons
70
Hydrogen Bond
Weak bond between two molecules electrostatic force between a proton in one molecule and an electronegative atom in the other
71
Hemoglobin
Protein carrying respiratory gases in red blood cells blood cells located in dermal blood vessels cyanosis is due to poorly oxygenated blood
72
Mixture
Made up of two or more different chemical substances which are not chemically bonded
73
Compound
A chemical substance composed of many identical molecules containing atoms from more than one chemical element chemically bonded
74
Pallor
May signify anemia low blood pressure or shock
75
Contractile Organelles of Skeletal Muscle Fiber
Myofibrils
76
Three Tunics of the Eye Wall
Fibrous Vascular Sensory
77
Fluid Humors
Aqueous and Vitreous
78
Lens and Iris separate the internal cavity
Anterior Posterior Portions
79
Bronzes
Metallic appearance of the skin could be a sign of Addisons disease
80
Myofibrils
Basic rod like organelle of a muscle cell
Produce muscle contraction and relaxation
81
Z Disc
Delineate the lateral borders of sarcomeres and are the smallest functional units in striated muscle
Stabilize actin filament structures
Transfer between sarcomeres
Communication with nucleus
82
Myosin
a fibrous protein that forms (together with actin) the contractile filaments of muscle cells and is also involved in motion in other types of cells
converts chemical energy in the form of ATP to mechanical energy, thus generating force and movement.
83
Actin
a family of globular multi-functional proteins that form microfilaments in the cytoskeleton, and the thin filaments in muscle fibrils
maintaining and controlling cell shape and architecture
84
Troponin
sarcomeric Ca2+ regulator for striated (skeletal and cardiac) muscle contraction
85
Tropomyosin
a protein involved in muscle contraction. It is related to myosin and occurs together with troponin in the thin filaments of muscle tissue
binds along actin filaments and regulates actin-myosin interaction in muscle and nonmuscle cells
86
Bruises
Blood escaped from circulation and clotted beneath the skin
87
Lipids
fatty, waxy, or oily compounds that are soluble in organic solvents and insoluble in polar solvents such as water
Fats are solid oils are liquid
88
Hypodermis
Also referred to as the subcutenous layer not part of the skin because located deep to the dermis
89
Sclera
Protects the eye and anchors extrinsic muscles
90
Cornea
Protects lets light enter the eye while refracting
91
Carbohydrates
Sugar molecules stored in skeletal muscle as glycogen
92
Structure of Hair
Flexible strands produced by hair follicles consist of dead keratinized epidermal cells
93
Aponeurosis
Flat sheets of connective tissue in your body that are similar to tendons
94
Difference between Aponeurosis and Tendons
An aponeurosis is made of layers of delicate, thin sheaths. Tendons, in contrast, are tough and are rope like
95
Three Regions of the Vascular Tunic
Choroid Ciliary Body and Iris
96
Choroid
A brown membrane in the posterior
Supplies blood to all eye tunics
97
Fibrous Proteins
Contain polypeptide chains organized approximately in parallel along a single axis, producing long fibers or large sheets
98
Shaft
Portion of hair in which kertinization is complete
99
What Causes Dark Banding of Skeletal Muscle
The arrangement of the thick myosin filaments across the myofibrils and the cell causes them to refract light and produce a dark band known as the A Band
100
Ciliary Body
Surrounds the lens
Anchors the suspensory ligament
101
Ciliary Body
Surrounds the lens
Anchors the suspensory ligament
Ciliary Process makes the Aqueous Humor
102
Salt
An ionic compound formed during the neutralization reaction between an acid and a base
103
Root
Keratinization is still ongoing remainder of the hair deep within the follicle
104
DNA
The molecule inside cells that contains the genetic information responsible for the development and function of an organism
105
RNA
a nucleic acid present in all living cells that has structural similarities to DNA
106
DNA base
adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and thymine (T)
107
RNA base
adenine, cytosine, uracil, and guanine
108
Uracil is only in
RNA
109
Medulla
core with large cell and air spaces, absent in fine hairs
110
Concentric
Muscle tension rises to meet the resistance then remains stable as the muscle shortens
111
Eccentric
When a force applied to the muscle exceeds the momentary force produced by the muscle itself
112
Rods
Respond to dim light
Used for peripheral vision
113
Cones
Respond to bright light
Have high acuity color vision
114
Double Bond
In chemistry, a double bond is a covalent bond between two atoms involving four bonding electrons as opposed to two in a single bond
115
Cortex
bulky layer surrounding medulla, consists of several
layers of flattened cells
116
Synapse
The site of transmission of electric nerve impulses between two nerve cells neurons between a neuron and a gland muscle cell effector between neurons target cells sends and receives
117
Axon Collateral
Side branches on an axon
118
Dendrite
Processes that extend from the cell bodies of cortical neurons branch process of the neuron transmits electrical potentials toward the cell
