lecture four: compiling, testing, and naming

Question 1

What is Step 1 in the process?

Answer 1

Preprocessing,

Question 2

What are the two main activities in Step 2: Compilation?

Answer 2

Lexical analysis and parsing

These activities are essential for converting source code into a format suitable for execution.

Question 3

What does Step 3: Linking involve?

Answer 3

Combines compilation units and libraries, generates executable

Linking is the final step that creates an executable program from the compiled code.

Question 4

Fill in the blank: Step 1 includes _______.

Answer 4

preprocessor commands

Preprocessor commands are directives that instruct the compiler to perform specific actions before actual compilation.

Question 5

True or False: Step 2 involves generating executable code.

Answer 5

False

Step 2 focuses on lexical analysis and parsing, not on generating executable code.

Question 6

What is generated in Step 3?

Answer 6

Executable

The executable is the final output that can be run on a computer.

Question 7

What is the purpose of Lexical Analysis?

Answer 7

Finds tokens (names, symbols) and builds Symbol Table

Question 8

What does Syntactic Analysis accomplish?

Answer 8

Parses code using grammar and builds Abstract Syntax Tree (AST)

Question 9

What does Semantic Analysis involve?

Answer 9

Type resolution and semantics

Question 10

What types of errors can be generated during analysis?

Answer 10

Syntax errors and warnings

Question 11

What is generated after Semantic Analysis?

Answer 11

Intermediate Representation (LLVM IR)

Question 12

Is Intermediate Representation platform dependent or independent?

Answer 12

Platform independent

Question 13

What is the role of the Preprocessor?

Answer 13

Includes .hpp files, evaluates #ifndef, #define, and instantiates templates

Question 14

Is the Preprocessor platform dependent or independent?

Answer 14

Platform independent

Question 15

At what level is optimization typically done?

Answer 15

IR level

Question 16

What does Code Generation convert IR into?

Answer 16

Platform specific assembler

Question 17

What does the assembler convert to after Code Generation?

Answer 17

Machine code

Question 18

Is Code Generation platform dependent or independent?

Answer 18

Platform dependent

Question 19

What is the purpose of Linking?

Answer 19

Links all the separate object files and associated libraries, and creates an executable file

Question 20

What can occur during the Linking process?

Answer 20

Linker errors

Question 21

What does Execution involve?

Answer 21

Loader reads exe from disk and loads into memory, CPU executes each machine instruction

Question 22

What types of errors can occur during Execution?

Answer 22

Runtime errors

Question 23

What is the objective of software testing?

Answer 23

To cause failures to find faults/errors in the system

Question 24

Define a Failure in the context of software testing.

Answer 24

An incorrect output for a given input

Question 25

What causes Failures?

Answer 25

Faults/errors in your program

Question 26

What is a Fault?

Answer 26

An incorrect piece of code/document (bug)

Question 27

Give examples of faults.

Answer 27

Missing condition, incorrect stopping condition, wrong equation, etc.

Question 28

What is the purpose of test cases?

Answer 28

To exercise your program with the goal of uncovering faults

Question 29

What is done after a failure is identified?

Answer 29

Debugging is done to identify the fault/error(s) in the code

Question 30

What characterizes the best test case?

Answer 30

Has a high probability to cause a failure

Question 31

What is the first step in testing?

Answer 31

Start by testing each method (unit tests)

Question 32

What is the second step in testing?

Answer 32

Then each class in full (module tests)

Question 33

What is the final step in testing?

Answer 33

Then the whole program (system tests)

Question 34

What is an Assertion (ASSERT)?

Answer 34

A statement that is true at a specific point in the program

Question 35

What is a Pre-condition (REQUIRES)?

Answer 35

A statement that must be true before a method/function is called/executed

Question 36

What is a Post-condition (ENSURES)?

Answer 36

A statement that is true after a method/function is executed

Question 37

What are Invariants?

Answer 37

Statements that are always true

Question 38

What is a LOOP INV?

Answer 38

Statement that is always true within the scope of a loop

Question 39

What is a CLASS INV?

Answer 39

Statement that is always true for an object of a given type/class

Question 40

What is a GLOBAL INV?

Answer 40

Statement that is always true globally

Question 41

What is black-box testing?

Answer 41

Uses only the I/O spec to develop test cases

Question 42

What does black-box testing ignore?

Answer 42

The implementation; tests to specification

Question 43

What is glass (white) box testing?

Answer 43

Uses only the implementation details to develop test cases

Question 44

What does glass box testing ignore?

Answer 44

The specification; tests the code

Question 45

What is necessary to develop a good set of test cases for a method/function?

Answer 45

Both black-box and glass box testing information

Question 46

Why is testing critical in development?

Answer 46

Without testing, you do not have a functioning application (bugs)

Question 47

What are the steps to writing a method/function?

Answer 47

1. Determine the I/O spec 2. Develop test cases 3. Implement the method 4. Run the method against the test cases 5. Fix any faults (debugging) 6. Go to 4 until all tests pass

Question 48

What is the TDD Mantra?

Answer 48

Develop test cases before you code

Question 49

What should you do each time you add code in TDD?

Answer 49

Test each time you add code

Question 50

What naming style uses camelCase?

Answer 50

Capitalize words after the first

Question 51

What does under_score naming style use?

Answer 51

Underscores between words, isolated imbedded underscores

Question 52

What should be avoided in naming conventions?

Answer 52

Abbreviations and acronyms, unless commonly known

Question 53

What must a name reflect in coding?

Answer 53

Its meaning and use in the code