lecture two: abstract data types

Question 1

how many “things” does an ADT have?

Answer 1

three

Question 2

what are the three things an ADT has?

Answer 2

data
operations on the data
rules of usage

Question 3

what is an ADT?

Answer 3

an abstract data type

Question 4

what does ++i do?

Answer 4

increments then returns

Question 5

what does i++ do?

Answer 5

returns then increments

Question 6

how do you pass a parameter to a function when you don’t want the function to modify the parameter?

Answer 6

pass by value

Question 7

how do you pass a parameter to a function when you want the function to modify the parameter?

Answer 7

pass by reference

Question 8

if we abide by the rules of the ADT, what do we get?

Answer 8

an “insurance policy”, or a guarantee that the ADT will work and not break

Question 9

what is the data of an ADT?

Answer 9

some amount of memory

Question 10

what is the operations of the data of an ADT?

Answer 10

a set of methods/functions that work on the data

Question 11

what is the rules of usage of an ADT?

Answer 11

a set of rules that must be obeyed in order for the ADT to work

Question 12

when do we use ADTs?

Answer 12

all the time! bools and ints are a few examples of ADTs

Question 13

what are the three “things” for a bool ADT?

Answer 13

data: 1 bit, true or false
operations: and, or, not, xor, assignment
rules: boolean arithmetic

Question 14

what are the three “things” for an int ADT?

Answer 14

data: 64 bits, 63 for value and 1 for sign
operations: +, -, *, /, assignment, «,&raquo_space;, etc.
rules: integer arithmetic

Question 15

what is class and what does it allow us to do?

Answer 15

Class is a construct that allows the language to be extended with addition of new types (ADTs)

Question 16

what do we want ADTs to look like?

Answer 16

part of the programming language

Question 17

what does encapsulation do?

Answer 17

binds data and operations in one place

Question 18

how does a class use information hiding?

Answer 18

it has public and private components, so the programmer can choose what is shared and what is not

Question 19

what does a class declare?

Answer 19

a data type

Question 20

what is an object?

Answer 20

an instance of a class

Question 21

what is a c++ idiom (standard practice) regarding .hpp and .cpp files?

Answer 21

.hpp files and .cpp files should be used to separate declaration from implementation files

Question 22

what is a .hpp file used for?

Answer 22

declare the class and associated functions and variables

Question 23

what is a .cpp file used for?

Answer 23

implementing the code

Question 24

what is the tool that is used to compile everything?

Answer 24

the make build tool

Question 25

how does using .hpp and .cpp protect the intellectual property of the code?

Answer 25

you can ship just the .hpp file and the code will still work properly, but the people you shipped the .hpp file to will not be able to access the .cpp file with the implementation of the code

Question 26

what is golden rule #1 of c++?

Answer 26

always have include guards for EVERY .hpp/.h file

Question 27

what happens if you include a file twice in a program?

Answer 27

you will get an error because it tries to create variables and classes twice

Question 28

what is the # for c and c++?

Answer 28

it is a preprocessor

Question 29

is the # part of the c/c++ programming language?

Answer 29

NO, it is part of the c preprocessor language

Question 30

what is an example of #include ?

Answer 30

#include because it includes a list of files from the c++ iostream

Question 31

what is an example of #include "current folder" ?

Answer 31

#include "point.hpp" because it only includes this one file

Question 32

what does #ifndef SYMBOL do?

Answer 32

if the symbol is not defined, then include the lines to the #endif. If the symbol is defined, then skip the code

Question 33

what does #define SYMBOL do?

Answer 33

defines a symbol and a possible value

Question 34

what does #include do?

Answer 34

includes the file or list of files you put after the include

Question 35

what do you have to have after an #endif statement?

Answer 35

a blank line (no code on that line)

Question 36

when you define a symbol, what should you never do?

Answer 36

use a leading underscore

Question 37

what can the output stream (ostream) be passed as?

Answer 37

it can ONLY be passed as a reference

Question 38

what is :: and what does it do?

Answer 38

:: is the scope resolution operator and it tells the compiler which class to implement code to & gives access to private variables of the class

Question 39

what is a method?

Answer 39

a function that is bound to a class

Question 40

what is a free function (or just a function)?

Answer 40

a function that is not bound to a class

Question 41

what do we never use in programs in this class?

Answer 41

using std