Lecture | Introduction To Bacteriology

Question 1

1st to use a lens to observe the smallest unit of tissue —> cells

Answer 1

Robert Hooke

Question 2

Observe and accurately describe microorganisms (bacteria & protozoa) called “animacules”

Answer 2

Anton Van Leeuwokhoek

Question 3

Father of hand hygiene; hand washing; infection control

Answer 3

Ignaz Philipp Semmelweis

Question 4

Modern epidemiology

Answer 4

John Snow

Question 5

Demonstrated that different types of microbes produce different fermentation products

Answer 5

Louis Pasteur

Question 6

Theory of Spontaneous Generation is by

Answer 6

Anton Van Leeuwonhoek

Question 7

Disproved theory of spontaneous genesis/Abiogenesis

Answer 7

Louis Pasteur

Question 8

Pasteurization: heating liquids at the temp and time of

Answer 8

1) 63 - 65 degrees celsius for 30 minutes

2) 73 - 75 degrees Celsius for 15 seconds

Question 9

A type of sterilization that only kills pathogens

Answer 9

Pasteurization

Question 10

Developed vaccines : chicken cholera, anthrax and swine erysipelas

Answer 10

Louis Pasteur | Germ theory of disease

Question 11

Robert Koch discovered what bacterias

Answer 11

B. Anthracis, M. Tuberculosis, & Vibrio cholerae

Question 12

Robert Koch discovered that B. anthracis produces -?-, capable of resisting adverse conditions

Answer 12

Spores

Question 13

Developed the methods of fixing, staining, and photographing bacteria, methods of cultivating bacteria on solid media

Answer 13

Robert Koch

Question 14

Robert Koch Discovered the bacterium that causes tuberculosis

Answer 14

M. Tuberculosis

Question 15

Robert Koch discovered Vibrio cholerae that causes

Answer 15

Cholera

Question 16

Koch assistant that 1st proposed the use of agar in culture media

Answer 16

Fanne Eilshemius Hesse

Question 17

Koch assistant that developed the Petri dish; container used for solid culture

Answer 17

Richard petri

Question 18

Tyndallisation

Answer 18

John Tyndall

Question 19

Provided the initial evidence that some microbes in dust/air have very high heat resistance

Answer 19

John Tyndall

Question 20

Introduce aseptic techniques using physical and chemical agents

Answer 20

Joseph Lister

Question 21

Developed small pox vaccine

Answer 21

Edward Jenner

Question 22

Introduced phagocytic theory of immunity

Answer 22

Elie Metchnikoff

Question 23

Developments of chemotherapy

Answer 23

Paul Ehrlich

Question 24

Discovered the 1st Alpha drug

Answer 24

Gerhard Domagk

Question 25

Developed the 1st antibiotic penicillin

Answer 25

Alexander Flemming

Question 26

Developed Streptomycin

Answer 26

Selman Waksman

Question 27

Method of classification that combines genotypic, phenotypic, & phylogenetic or evolutionary relationships into a general purpose classification system

Answer 27

Polyphasic Taxonomy

Question 28

Approach that provides a more detailed but very complex analysis of the current classification system

Answer 28

Polyphasic taxonomic

Question 29

Domain that Contain the environmental prokaryotes (blue green or cyanobacteria) and the heterotrophic medically relevant bacteria

Answer 29

Bacteria

Question 30

Domain that are environmental isolates that live in extreme environments such as high salt concentration, jet fuel, or extreme temperatures

Answer 30

Archaea

Question 31

Domain that is a true nucleus and. contains medically relevant organisms, including fungi and parasites

Answer 31

Eukarya

Question 32

most basic of the taxonomic groups and defined as a collection of bacterial strains that share common physiologic and genetic features and differ notably from other microbial species.

Answer 32

Species

Question 33

given to groups below the subspecies level that share specific but relatively minor characteristics.

Answer 33

subspecies = biotype, serotype, or genotype

Question 34

considered the same species with the same genetic makeup but displays differential physiologic characteristics.

Answer 34

Biotype

Question 35

naming of microorganisms according to established rules and guidelines set forth in the

Answer 35

International Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria (ICNB) or the Bacteriological Code (BC).

Question 36

Process by which a microorganism’s key features are delineated

Answer 36

Microbial Identification

Question 37

organism’s genetic makeup,

Answer 37

Genotypic characteristics

Question 38

observable characteristics and features that may require extensive analytic procedures to be detected.

Answer 38

Phenotypic characteristics

Question 39

Growth of microbiota in or on a body site without the production of damage or notable symptoms

Answer 39

Colonization

Question 40

describe also as mutualism wherein both organisms benefit from each other

Answer 40

Symbiosis

Question 41

association of 2 organisms living together; organisms are called

Answer 41

symbionts

Question 42

Relationship where one organism benefits but the other is neither harm nor benefited; no harm

Answer 42

Commensalism

Question 43

one organism is being harmed and the other benefits

Answer 43

Parasitism

Question 44

Microorganisms that are commonly found on or in body sites of healthy persons

Answer 44

Indigenous Microbial Biota

Question 45

types of indigenous microbial biota colonizes for a long time

Answer 45

Resident microbiota

Question 46

types of indigenous microbial biota that is temporary; come to visit but do not stay

Answer 46

Transient microbiota

Question 47

Ability of a microbe to produce disease in an individual

Answer 47

Pathogenicity

Question 48

Are organisms recognized to cause disease in healthy immuno-competent individuals as high percentage all the time

Answer 48

True pathogens

Question 49

only cause disease when the immune system is compromised

Answer 49

Opportunists

Question 50

opportunistic batera for patient w/ cystic fribrosis

Answer 50

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Question 51

Harbors the organism but do not present symptoms; only transmit

Answer 51

Carriers

Question 52

Carrier state that is short-lived or transient

Answer 52

acute

Question 53

Carrier state that last for months, years, or permanently

Answer 53

chronic

Question 54

Objects or inanimate objects that are contaminated with the infectious agents

Answer 54

Fomites

Question 55

Objects or inanimate objects that transmit the disease as a result of contact

Answer 55

Fomites

Question 56

animal diseases that can infect humans and are transmitted through animal contact

Answer 56

Zoonoses

Question 57

infection that occurs as the result of medical treatment or procedures

Answer 57

Iatrogenic Infection

Question 58

relative ability of a microorganism to cause disease or the degree of pathogenicity measured by the numbers of microorganisms necessary to cause infection in the host.

Answer 58

Virulence

Question 59

Refers to the various mechanism that the organism use to persist in the host and cause disease

Answer 59

Virulence Factors