Lecture: Introduction to Virology

Question 1

Is virus cellular or acellular?

Answer 1

Acellular

Question 2

Diameter range of viruses

Answer 2

20 nm to 450 nm

Question 3

What type of microscope can view a virus?

Answer 3

Transmission electron microscope

Question 4

What is shown when you view a virus in a Bright-field microscope?

Answer 4

Effect of the virus

Question 5

Viruses are incapable of metabolism, growth, and reproduction. They also only replicate inside the cells, therefore they are?

Answer 5

Obligate intracellular parasites

Question 6

Can a virus contain both DNA and RNA?

Answer 6

No, either DNA or RNA only

Question 7

Viruses have cell walls, cell membranes, or cellular organelles. True or False?

Answer 7

False, they do not have cellular structure

Question 8

Known as the complete structure/infective form of a virus

Answer 8

Virions

Question 9

Viruses lack the enzyme for protein and nucleic acid synthesis. True or False?

Answer 9

True

Question 10

Are viruses prokaryotic or eukaryotic?

Answer 10

Neither

Question 11

All viruses have envelopes, but not all have capsids. True or False?

Answer 11

False, all viruses have capsids but not all have envelopes

Question 12

A virus without an envelope is called?

Answer 12

Naked Virus

Question 13

Responsible for the introduction of viral nucleic acid into a suitable host cell

Answer 13

Viral attachment protein

Question 14

Formed when the viral particle carries off a part of the host cell’s membrane

Answer 14

Envelope

Question 15

Which is more susceptible to environmental conditions, Naked or Enveloped?

Answer 15

Enveloped. Naked viruses are more resistant to environmental conditions

Question 16

Protein spikes protruding through the envelope from the capsid

Answer 16

Spikes / Peplomers

Question 17

Outer protective shell; protect genetic material of virus; most prominent geometric feature

Answer 17

Capsid

Question 18

Capsids are composed of identical protein subunits known as

Answer 18

Capsomeres

Question 19

Three Major Capsid Structures

Answer 19

Helical
Icosahedral
Complex

Question 20

Double-stranded DNA viruses are what class?

Answer 20

Class I

Question 21

Single-stranded DNA viruses are what class?

Answer 21

Class II

Question 22

Double-stranded RNA viruses are what class?

Answer 22

Class III

Question 23

Positive-sense, single-stranded RNA viruses are what class?

Answer 23

Class IV

Question 24

Negative-sense, single-stranded RNA viruses are what class?

Answer 24

Class V

Question 25

RNA viruses that reverse transcribe (HIV) are what class?

Answer 25

Class VI

Question 26

DNA viruses that reverse transcribe (HBV) are what class?

Answer 26

Class VII

Question 27

Class IV starts with an mRNA which proceeds to translation and production of viral proteins. True or False?

Answer 27

True

Question 28

Class V also starts with mRNA then is converted to complementary mRNA then translation and production of proteins. True or False?

Answer 28

False, Class V starts with a complementary mRNA being converted into mRNA which proceeds to translation and production of proteins

Question 29

Class VI uses reverse transcription when RNA from central dogma needs to be transcribed into DNA to infect more cells. True or False?

Answer 29

False, it is Class VII that uses that kind of process for RT

Question 30

Class VII uses reverse transcription to become DNA and join central dogma via entering the nucleus. True or False?

Answer 30

False, it is Class VI that uses that kind of process for RT

Question 31

Ending of -virales is what order of taxonomy?

Answer 31

Orders

Question 32

Ending of -viridae is what order of taxonomy?

Answer 32

Family

Question 33

Ending with -virinae is what order of taxonomy?

Answer 33

Subfamily

Question 34

Ending with -virus is what order of taxonomy?

Answer 34

Genera

Question 35

The correct chronological order of viral replication?

Answer 35

Attachment - Penetration - Uncoating - Synthesis/Replication - Assembly - Maturation - Release

Question 36

What step is skipped when a bacteriophage is infecting a cell?

Answer 36

Uncoating

Question 37

Live-Attenuated vaccines have?

Answer 37

Weakened organism

Question 38

Inactivated vaccines have?

Answer 38

Killed/dead organism

Question 39

One or more purified components of a pathogen is contained in what vaccine?

Answer 39

Subunit

Question 40

Bacterial toxins that have been chemically inactivated so that they are not pathogenic is in what vaccine?

Answer 40

Toxoid

Question 41

Purified Component Vaccine is composed of what?

Answer 41

Biochemically purified components of a microorganism

Question 42

Polysaccharide Vaccine is composed of what?

Answer 42

Biochemically purified polysaccharide from bacterial capsule

Question 43

Protein produced by genetically-modified non-pathogenic bacteria, yeast or other cells is contained in what vaccine?

Answer 43

Recombinant

Question 44

Circular single-stranded RNA with some pairing between base and loops where no such pairing occurs

Answer 44

Viroids

Question 45

Misfolded proteins that affect CNS

Answer 45

Prions

Question 46

Baltimore Classification System classifies viruses based on their?

Answer 46

Type of nucleic acid genome Replication strategy of the virus

Question 47

What examples of viruses have complex capsid structure?

Answer 47

Poxviruses Bacteriophage

Question 48

Drugs that disrupts the uncoating?

Answer 48

Amantadine Rimantadine

Question 49

Drug that inhibits attachment?

Answer 49

Maraviroc

Question 50

Drugs that inhibit viral replication?

Answer 50

INF-alpha Ribavirin

Question 51

Drugs that inhibits reverse transcriptase?

Answer 51

ddl ABC 3TC d4T ddC FTC TDF

Question 52

Drugs that inhibit proteases?

Answer 52

Indinavir Nelfinavir Ritonavir Saquinavir

Question 53

Drugs that inhibit DNA polymerase?

Answer 53

Acyclovir Cidofovir Famciclovir Ganciclovir Valacyclovir

Question 54

Drugs that inhibits DNA synthesis/DNA base catalogue?

Answer 54

Idoxuridine Trifluridine

Question 55

Drug that inhibits adenosine catalog?

Answer 55

Remdesivir

Question 56

Drugs that are active against chronic HBV?

Answer 56

Lamivudine Adefovir

Question 57

Drugs that inhibits/disrupts release?

Answer 57

Oseltamivir Zanamivir Peramivir

Question 58

Drugs that inhibits/disrupts penetration?

Answer 58

Enfuvirtide Docosanol

Question 59

HIV integrase inhibitors

Answer 59

Raltegravir Elvitegravir Dolutegravir

Question 60

ICTV means?

Answer 60

International Committee on Taxonomy of Virus