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Lecture Midterm Review Flashcards

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1
Q

what is the term for increased numbers of lymphocytes?

A

lymphocytosis

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2
Q

what is monocytosis

A

increased monocytes

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3
Q

what is the term for increased numbers of basophils? neutrophils?

A

basophilia, neutrophilia

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4
Q

when do we use the suffix “-philia” for describing an increase in cell numbers?

A

when the cell name ends in “phil”

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5
Q

when would we use the suffix “cytosis” when describing increased cell numbers?

A

when the cell name ends in “cyte”

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6
Q

what is the term for increased platelets?

A

thrombocytosis

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7
Q

what suffix would we use to describe a decreased number of cells?

A

“penia”

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8
Q

define neutropenia

A

decreased neutrophils in circulation

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9
Q

The suffix for decreased cell numbers is “-penia”. What is the exception to this rule? What is the definition of the term?

A

Anemia: decreased RBC in blood

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10
Q

what is the term for decreased monocytes in blood

A

monocytopenia

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11
Q

what are two possible terms describing the decreased number of lymphocytes in blood?

A

lymphopenia or lymphocytopenia

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12
Q

what is the term for decreased platelets in blood?

A

thrombocytopenia

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13
Q

what is the term for increased RBC? What is the term for decreased RBC?

A

increase: polycythemia decrease: anemia

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14
Q

the prefix “Hypo” means:

A

decreased

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15
Q

the prefix “Normo-“ means:

A

norma

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16
Q

What is the term for increased colour in RBC?

A

hyperchromic

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17
Q

What is the suffix used for describing protein concentrations ?

A

-proteinemia (example: hyperproteinemia)

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18
Q

You come across a neutrophil that is significantly larger than a nearby monocyte. How would you describe the cell size?

A

Macrocytic

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19
Q

If something is present in urine, the suffix we use is:

A

-uria

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20
Q

Define Ketonuria

A

ketones in urine

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21
Q

define pyuria

A

pus in urine

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22
Q

define cylindruria

A

casts in urine

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23
Q

what is the term for glucose in the urine?

A

glycosuria or glycosuria

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24
Q

If a urine sample is considered Hyposthenuria, what does this mean?

A

Decreased concentration (lower Specific Gravity than 1.008

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25
Define Isosthenuria
normal urine concentration (specific gravity of 1.008-1.012)
26
Describe plasma and how it is produced
fluid component of blood that is produced after centrifuged in an anti-coagulant container
27
What is the main difference between serum and plasma?
plasma still contains clotting factors
28
T or F: when performing a PCV, the colour of the plasma should always be ignored
false, should be noted
29
Which component that may or may not be found in blood can break down 50% per hour when exposed to light or air?
bilirubin
30
What is the term for a yellow colour?
icteric
31
What device do we use to read Plasma Protein?
refractometer
32
You are told to read the specific gravity of a urine sample. You place a drop of the sample on the platform. When you look through, you read the specific gravity at 1.011. You then add some distilled water to rinse the sample off and dry the platform off with a KimWipe. Did you miss any steps?
You did not calibrate the refractometer first- this can cause inaccurate results
33
T or False; when reading specific gravity, we read it on the scale to the left in the refractometer eyepiece
false, we read the scale to the right for SG
34
What is a common clinical sign that causes increased serumnor plasma protein?
dehydration
35
dehydration is the most common cause of:
hyperproteinemia
36
What sort of distortions might you expect to see in the feathered edge of a blood smear?
Clumps of platelets Increased WBC Increased ruptured WBC Large gaps between cells
37
what term is used to describe an increased PCV value?
polycythemia
38
What are the traditional units for PCV? How do we convert to Scientific Units?
Traditional: % out of 100 Scientific: divide by 100 to get \_\_\_\_\_\_L/L Example: 50% Traditional Units is 0.50 L/L scientific units
39
Explain how to set up a microhematocrit tube on a PCV scale
- place microhematocrit tube on scale - first, line up the bottom line with the "0%" line - slide the tube along the line until the meniscus of the plasma layer is aligned with the "100%" line - read the PCV value at the top of the RBC layer
40
The buffy coat should be approximately ____ in size
1mm
41
what is the normal value of PCV in canine?
37-55%
42
what is a normal PCV reading for felines? (traditional units)
27-45%
43
what two main components make up Eukaryotic cells?
nucleus and cytoplasm
44
what type of structures do we look for in white blood cells in order to identify them?
nucleus, cytoplasm, vacuoles, size
45
what species has a Basophils with a nucleus like a "fuzzy caterpillar"?
ruminant
46
Which species and blood cell has "purple pepper" granules?
Equine basophils
47
Which is typically the largest wbc? the smallest?
largest: monocyte smallest: neutrophil
48
which wbc has the most spread out or thin chromatin?
monocyte
49
You are setting up the microscope to read a urine sample. What steps do you go through to have the best possible view of the sample?
Condenser up Stage up Diaphragm closed (open a bit on 40x)
50
Which element of urine do we view on 10x power objectives?
casts
51
Which cast has the lowest refractive index
hyaline
52
You see a cast that is 2/3rds fat droplets with 4 cells inside. What type of cast is this?
Cellular cast
53
Describe a waxy cast
- squared ends - frequently cracked - often bent or curved
54
what are the two types of epithelial cells?
transitional and squamous
55
describe the difference between calcium oxalate monohydrate crystals and calcium oxalata dihydrate crystals
monohydrate: oval or dumbbell, "picket fence" shape, dihydrate: octahedral or envelope-like, has an x inside the square
56
You are reading urine and see a small, green coloured, dumbbell shaped structure. What do you think it is?
Calcium carbonate crystals
57
identify the following
bilirubin
58
what are these structures?
transitional epithelial cells
59
identify
Cholesterol crystal
60
what is this type of crystal? what might cause this?
Starch crystal, this happens from handling sample with gloves on
61
Which pad on the dipstick do we completely ignore for cats?
leukocyte pad
62
identify this structure found in urine
fungal spores

CLP (2 decks)

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