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Lecture MT 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Indications for use of cryotherapy

A

Acute pain, inflammation
muscle spasm
Febrile state
Insect bites
Burns, boils

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2
Q

Contraindications for cryotherapy

A

Raynauds
Coma
Peripheral vascular disease
Over the heart
Open wounds
Rheumatoid
Pregnancy
Cold hypersensitivity

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3
Q

procedure of cryotherapy

A

5 minute duration
one towel layer
tell patient they can take it off at any point if it becomes painful
stop when patient reports numbness

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4
Q

indications for use of heat

A

muscle spasm
chronic pain
vascular stasis
general anxiety

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5
Q

contraindications for use of heat therapy

A

peripheral vascular disease
over pregnant uterus
over the eyes
over infection
patients with fever

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6
Q

procedure of heat exposure

A

10-20 minutes
6-8 towel layers
check every 5 minutes

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7
Q

how many towel layers are the heat packs

A

~4 towel layers

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8
Q

indications for dynatron microcurrent probe

A

open wound healing
soft tissue repair
pain

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9
Q

contraindications for dynatron microcurrent probes

A

over pregnant uterus
over tumor
cardiac arrhythmia
implanted electrical devices

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10
Q

procedure for dynatron microcurrent probe

A

350-550 microamps
.5-10hz
circle the dragon
4-6 points for 10 seconds at each site
press start on the probe

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11
Q

indications and contraindications for dynatron microcurrent pads

A

IND
open wound healing
soft tissue repair

CONT
over pregnant uterus
over tumor
cardiac arrhythmia
implanted electrical devices

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12
Q

procedure for dynatron microcurrent pads

A

50microamps
.3 hz
alternating polarity
pads proximal and distal to area of concern
20-30 minutes

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13
Q

procedure for alphastim transcranial

A

350-550microamps
.5hz
ear clips with water
slide bottom to 60 min or continuous
30min-2 hrs

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14
Q

indications and contraindications for alphastim transcranial

A

IND
headaches

CONT
implanted electrical devices
pregnant uterus
tumors

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15
Q

procedure for alphastim probe

A

.5hz
350-550 microamps
4-6 spots
10 seconds at each spot
circle the dragon protocol
slide bottom switch to probes

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16
Q

Indications for cold therapy

A

Acute/subacute stage of healing
Fevers
Bleeding
Inflammation
Pain

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17
Q

Contraindications for cold therapy

A

Cold hypersensitivity
Raynauds
Poor circulation
Neuro deficit
Peripheral vascular disease
Open wounds
Infection

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18
Q

Physiologic effects of cryotherapy

A

Local vasoconstriction
Tissue stiffness
Decrease nerve conduction
Decrease inflammatory effects
Decrease metabolism

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19
Q

Stages of cryotherapy

Cold ____ min
Burning ____ min
Aching _____
Numbness _____ min

A

Cold 1-3 min
Burning 2-7 min
Aching
Numbness 5-15 min

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20
Q

Cryotherapy treatment

A

5 minute application
1 towel layer
Never longer than 15 min
1/2 inch penetration

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21
Q

Temperatures of cryotherapy

___° ice pack
____° gel pack
____° chemical pack

A

38° ice pack
35.4° gel pack
35° chemical pack

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22
Q

Methods of cryotherapy application

A

Cold pack
Commercial cold pack
Direct ice massage
Chemical cold pack
Chemical topicals

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23
Q

Indications for superficial heat treatment

A

Subacute/chronic pain
Increase extensibility of collage
Relieve muscle spasm
Reduce chronic inflamm
Reduce exudates
Decrease pain

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24
Q

Contraindications for superficial heat

A

Directly after injury
Gravid uterus
DM
Diminished sensation
Active infection
Poor circulation
Over the eyes, genitalia

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25
Heat is often used incorrectly by patients at home, how is that so (3 ways)
Left on too long Patient lays on hot pack Too frequently (>1x/hr)
26
Physiological effects of superficial heat
Promotes abnormal ossification Prevent adhesion formation Reabsorption of hematoma Analgesia
27
Superficial heat method
6-8 towel layers Chronic conditions 10-20 minute treatment 1/4 to 1/2 inch penetration Check every 5 min for blistering Conduction heat transfer
28
Whirlpool bath transfers heat via what process:
Convection
29
What is the process of a Paraffin bath?
126° wax and oil bath Dip 7-10x Place hand in plastic bag 20-30 minutes leave was on Remove and perform ROM exercises
30
What is Fluidotherapy? What is another AKA known for it?
A dry heating agent that transfers heat by convection. It consists of a cabinet containing finely ground particles of cellulose through which heated air is circulated. AKA "Corn cobs"
31
What are Infrared lamps? Process?
1mm depth penetration 20 inch from patient with moist towel over area 15-20 min treatment
32
What are the three Stages of healing?
Inflammatory response Fibroblastic repair (subacute) Maturation-remodeling (chronic)
33
Explain the Inflammatory response stage
2-4 days after injury Leukotaxin increases leukocytes along cell walls Necrosin cleans area with phagocytosis
34
Explain the Fibroblastic Repair Phase
Begins 4 days after injury Lasts up to 10 days Granulation tissue infiltrates 6-7 days after injury fibroblasts lay down collagen haphazardly
35
Explain the Maturation-Remodeling Phase
Begins around day 7 and lasts for years Haphazard collagen is realigned along movement patterns Parallel to tensile forces
36
Stages of healing are not
Separate and distinct They overlap from one to the other
37
What is this definition: “unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage”
pain
38
ones perception of pain is dependent on what two factors?
past experiences current expectation and state of mind
39
pain is an indicator of the following two:
the presence of a problem not the degree of the problem
40
pain can outlive its purpose, when it does so, it is a _____ ______ in itself
Diseased state
41
What are 4 types of pain?
referred phantom radiating chronic
42
Explain pain duration
<6weeks acute- easy to locate chronic >6weeks defies intervention difficult to locate persistent- on going treatable problem
43
What are three pain assessment tools?
VAS pain drawing McGill pain questionnaire
44
sensory receptors meissners- pacinian- merkels- ruffini- krauses- free nerve-
meissners- light touch pacinian- deep (fast) merkels-deep pressure (slow) ruffini- touch/tension, joint position krauses- thermo free nerve- chemical, thermal noxious stimulus
45
specific theory of pain is an indicator of what?
specific nerve fibers and endings carry noxious stimuli to the brain with ascending pathways pathway determines nature of stimulus
46
Explain the summation pain theory
excessive stimulation of nerve fibers results in transmission of noxious stimulus no anatomical basis for this theory
47
What is the pattern theory?
stimulus must match a certain pattern to be transmitted as pain or other sensations stimulus must come in abnormal matter
48
What is the sensory interaction theory?
specialized system exists to control sensory input from large and small afferent fibers summation is prevented from occuring
49
LIST all pain theories:
specific theory summation theory pattern theory sensory theory likely a combination of all to form pain pathways
50
What are 4 main causes of pain?
external causes (skin) internal causes (no skin) lesions of CNS (skin is involved) non-physiological
51
Pain at rest is cause and by the following 4 things:
caused by inflammation crushing injuries overstretching viral/bacterial
52
stimulation of small diameter afferents result in:
release of endogenous opioids
53
electric stim should not be used in children due to:
open growthplates
54
geriatric populations should not be treated with cryo/heat due to:
lack of subcutaneous tissue
55
the height of a electrical wave above or below baseline:
amplitude/intensity
56
strength of current is measured in:
milliamps/microamps
57
velocity in electric current is always:
3x10^8
58
DC (galvanic):
one polarity positive or negative
59
russian/biphasic uses ___ type of current:
AC (bipolar)
60
frequency and wavelength:
inversely proportional
61
electrical pad placement cannot:
cross the spine
62
the further apart the electrode pads are placed:
the deeper the penetrating power of the current
63
muscle spasm, the electrodes are placed on muscle belly or:
proximal distal Musculocutaneous junctions
64
current density and depth:
current density decreases with depth of penetration
65
Give a brief description of russian vs biphasic:
russian penetrates deeper due to its pulse duration being miliseconds vs in microseconds
66
What is intensity?
amount of energy of wave increasing intensity increases penetrating power
67
What will 80pps/hz cause?
enkephalins to be released for short period of time natural painkiller
68
What will 10pps/hz cause?
endorphins to be released natural painkiller that lasts much longer than enkephalins
69
What is a rheobase?
minimal intensity needed to cause contraction
70
What is chronaxie?
minimum time it takes to cause contraction at 2x rheobase
71
What is the definition: “decrease in sensitivity to and area that is exposed to prolonged stimulation or the same frequency”
wedensky inhibition
72
Describe ohms law:
amps (current) is directly proportional to the voltage and inversely proportional to the resistance amps=volts/resistance increase intensity and resistance will be lessened
73
What is the Law of Grotthus-Draper?
energy is either absorbed superficially or transmitted to deeper layers
74
What is the Arndt schultz law?
Physiologic effects of energy absorption are concentration dependent; no change can occur if not enough energy is absorbed
75
What is the cosine law?
as the source of the energy moves away from the perpendicular its intensity lessens and absorption lessons cosine of 90degree
76
What is the inverse square law?
intensity of radiation is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from its source
77
What is microcurrent?
excites physiologic activity
78
V (volts) =
I (amperes) X R (ohms)
79
What are some contraindications for use of microcurrent?
gravid uterus implanted electrical devices cardiac arrhythmias over known tumors
80
What are some carrier frequencies?
2,000-10,000hz that is a medium frequency that is able to penetrate deeper in the body
81
a ____ frequency is formed due to the interactions of 2 frequencies:
beat frequency
82
the beat frequency is ____ in interferential:
80-150pps releasing enkalphalins or 0-10 releasing endorphins
83
What is pre-mod interferential?
one lead with two pads is the only option that can be used used for smaller areas or radicular/linear complaints

Passive Care (4 decks)

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