Lecture Part 4

Question 1

Absorptive state:

Answer 1

Period after a meal when the body is digesting and absorbing nutrients from food (4 hours).

Question 2

Postabsorptive state:

Answer 2

Metabolic state after the body has digested and absorbed a meal, 6-12 hours until the nectar meal.

Question 3

What happens in the effectors during each of the metabolic states?

Answer 3

Post-Absorptive State
- Muscles: Utilize fatty acids and ketone bodies for energy, glucose for brain
- Liver: Glucagon stimulates break down of glycogen unless they’re used up, and then amino acids are used
- Adipose tissue: Lipolysis increased, especially during prolonged fasting
Absorptive State
- Muscles: Glucose for energy and amino acids for protein synthesis
- Liver: Glucose stored as glycogen or fat
- Adipose Tissue: Lipogenesis (fat synthesis) increases, using excess glucose and fatty acids

Question 4

What is the basic metabolic rate (BMR)?

Answer 4

At rest amount of metabolic rate.

Question 5

What is the Metabolic Rate?

Answer 5

Amount of energy liberated in the body in a given period of time. Kcal/hour or day.

Question 6

What is total metabolic rate (TMR)?

Answer 6

BMR + energy for activity = TMR

Question 7

What can increase or decrease TMR?

Answer 7

Raising: Physical activity, pregnancy, anxiety, fever, eating, catecholamines and thyroid hormones. High in children and decreases with age
Decreasing: Apathy, depression, and prolonged starvation. As one reduces food intake, the body reduces its metabolic rate to conserve body mass, making weight loss more difficult

Question 8

What are ketone bodies? When are they produced?

Answer 8

Molecules produced when the body breaks down fat for energy, primarily when glucose is scarce.