Lecture quiz 4/7/23 (Friday)

Question 1

What is Nutrition in a human-oriented definition?

Answer 1

Key term: relation to health and disease

Question 2

What is Nutrition in an animal-oriented definition?

Answer 2

Key term: growth, milk, or fiber production AND efficiency

Question 3

What are examples of fiber production?

Answer 3

wool

Question 4

What both animal and human nutrition focus on?

Answer 4

Both focus on meeting nutrient requirements for growth and development

Question 5

What does animal nutrition focus on?

Answer 5

• emphasis on productivity and minimizing feeding costs
  = feeding costs is a huge part of animal production

Exemption: companion animals because we treat them like family — longevity/ disease prevention

Question 6

What does human nutrition focus on?

Answer 6

greater emphasis on longevity and disease prevention

Question 7

What is the definition of food?

Answer 7

• for humans
• edible material that provides nutrients and energy

Question 8

What is the definition of feed?

Answer 8

• for animals
• refers to food but more commonly is used to designate animal food

Question 9

What is the definition of foodstuff or feedstuff?

Answer 9

• ingredients
  foodstuff (for humans) - rice
  feedstuff (for animals) - corn
• any material made into or used as food or feed respectively

Question 10

What is the definition of diet?

Answer 10

• a mixture of feedstuffs used to supply nutrients to an animal

Question 11

What is the definition of ration?

Answer 11

daily allocation of food or feed
(daily portion of food/feed)

Question 12

What is the definition of nutrients?

Answer 12

any feed constituent or group of feed constituents of the same general composition that aids in the support of animal life

Question 13

What are the 6 classes of nutrients?

Answer 13

1. water
2. carbohydrates
3. fats
4. proteins
5. vitamins
6. minerals

Question 14

Do ALL animals need all the 6 classes of nutrients in their diets?

Answer 14

No - not all animals need to have all 6 classes

example: lions - they can survive without carbohydrates since their diets consist of protein.
: dogs and cats do not need vitamin C because they synthesize it themselve

Question 15

Is energy a nutrient?

Answer 15

no it is a property that some nutrients possess

Question 16

What are the three nutrients that provide energy?

Answer 16

carbohydrates, fats and proteins

Question 17

Why is energy necessary for all life processes?

Answer 17

• no energy = we cannot live
  it is needed for basal metabolic functions, growth and synthesis of new tissues, reproduction, lactation etc)
• we do not eat energy = we eat the nutrients

Question 18

What is the most important nutrient?

Answer 18

Water

Question 19

Why is water the most important nutrient?

Answer 19

• you can lose most of body fat and even protein but losing more than 12% of your body water will be FATAL

Question 20

How much water of the animal body weight at birth?

Answer 20

65-85% because muscles have more water than fat cells
- this is the main reason why babies are sensitive to dehydration

Question 21

How much water of the animal body weight at maturity?

Answer 21

45-60% because we have more fat cells = less water when older

Question 22

What are the functions of water in an animal?

Answer 22

• transportation of nutrientss and waste products
• medium for most chemical reactions (aqueous environment)
• body temperature regulation - cools body by evaporation
• lubricates and cushions joints and organs
• many other functions: participation in eyesight, hearing and etc

Question 23

What are the sources of water to the animal?

Answer 23

• drinking water (in any form from anywhere, lake, stream, bucket or drinking fountain, etc.)
• water in feed ( even air-dry feed contains some water and some feeds contain much more)
• Metabolic water (water is formed when nutrients are metabolized) = more important in other animals like camels (they can walk for days with no water)

Question 24

is there a limit for water?

Answer 24

NO - everyone should have free access to water

Question 25

How much moisture in dry food?

Answer 25

about 10% moisture

Question 26

Metabolic water from nutrient oxidation: 1g carbohydrate has?

Answer 26

0.6 ml of water

Question 27

Metabolic water from nutrient oxidation: 1g protein has?

Answer 27

0.4 ml of water

Question 28

Metabolic water from nutrient oxidation: 1g fat has?

Answer 28

1.1 ml of water

Question 29

What is the approx water consumption in mature, non-stressed animals

Answer 29

2 parts of water for 1 part of feed = example 100 ml or grams of water to 50 grams of feed swine: 2.5-5 gal/head/day poultry: 2 parts of water for each 1 part of feed - sheep: 1-4 gal/head/day - cattle: 8-30 gal/head/day - horses: 10 -14 gal/head/day

Question 30

why do lactating cows drink more water?

Answer 30

- water goes to the milk production = they have to produce 100lbs of milk Milk = 90% of water

Question 31

What are the deficiencies or restrictions of water?

Answer 31

- reduced feed consumption coupled with reduced productivity = first to occur and occurs within 24 hrss of water restriction - weight loss = due to dehydration - increased excretion of nitrogen and electrolytes such as Na and P - death (within a few days with severe water restriction)

Question 32

What are the practical aspects of water?

Answer 32

- most practical advice it to make good clean water available to animals in liberal quantities - ensure purity and in-line with total dissolved solids recommendations - for open water sources like sloughs or lakes = WATCH FOR BLUE GREEN ALGAE - feed consumption is down = check water first

Question 33

What is a blue-green algae?

Answer 33

type of bacteria that produces toxins that targets the nervous system and liver