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Analysis on Urine and other Bodily Fluids > Lecture: Renal Diseases > Flashcards

Lecture: Renal Diseases Flashcards

(56 cards)

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1
Q

Decomposition of immune complexes, formed in conjunction with group A streptococcus infection on the glomerular membranes

A

Acute Glomerulonephritis

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2
Q

Deposition of immune complexes from systemic immune disorders on the glomerular membrane

A

Rapidly-progressive Glomerulonephritis

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3
Q

Attachment of cytotoxic antibody formed during viral respiratory infections to glomerular and alveolar basement membranes

A

Goodpasture’s Syndrome

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4
Q

Anti-neutrophilic cytoplasmic autoantibody binds to neutrophils in vascular walls producing damage to small vessels in the lungs and glomerulus

A

Wegener’s Granulomatosis

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5
Q

Occurs primarily in children following viral respiratory infections; a decrease in platelets disrupts vascular integrity

A

Henoch-Schoenlein purpura

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6
Q

Deposition of IgA on the glomerular membrane resulting from increased levels of serum IgA

A

IgA nephropathy (Berger’s disease)

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7
Q

Thickening of the glomerular membrane following IgG immune complex deposition associated with systemic disorders

A

Membranous glomerulonephritis

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8
Q

Cellular proliferation affects the capillary walls or the glomerular basement membranes, possibly immune-mediated

A

Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis

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9
Q

A marked decrease in renal function resulting from glomerular damage precipitated by other renal disorders

A

Chronic glomerulonephritis

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10
Q

Disruption of the electrical charges that produce the tightly-fitting podocyte barrier results in a massive loss of protein and lipids

A

Nephrotic syndrome

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11
Q

Disruption of podocytes occurs primarily in children following allergic reactions and immunizations

A

Minimal change diseases (Lipid nephrosis)

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12
Q

Disruption of podocytes in certain areas of glomeruli associated with heroin and analgesic abuse and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

A

Focal-segmented glomerulosclerosis

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13
Q

This type of glomerulonephritis has the presence of RBC casts, granular casts and dysmorphic RBC

A

Acute glomerulonephritis

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14
Q

The anti-glomerular basement membrane antibody test is used on what glomerular disorder?

A

Goodpasture’s syndrome

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15
Q

The anti-neutrophilic cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) is used on what glomerular disorder?

A

Wegener’s granulomatosis

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16
Q

Stool occult blood can be used to detect what glomerular disorder?

A

Henoch-Schoenlein purpura

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17
Q

Anti-nuclear antibody, hepatitis B surface antigen and FTA-ABS can be used to detect what glomerular disorder?

A

Membranous glomerulonephritis

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18
Q

FTA-ABS means?

A

Fluorescent Treponemal Antibody-Absorption Test

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19
Q

Chronic glomerulonephritis and nephrotic syndrome can be detected by what tests?

A

Blood urea nitrogen
Serum Creatinine
Creatinine Clearance
Electrolytes

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20
Q

Glucosuria, cellular and granular casts, and waxy and broad casts are present in what glomerular disorder?

A

Chronic glomerulonephritis

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21
Q

Oval fat bodies, renal tubular cells, fat droplets and fatty and waxy casts are present in what glomerular disorder?

A

Nephrotic syndrome

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22
Q

Damage to the renal tubular cells is caused by ischemia or toxic agents

A

Acute tubular necrosis

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23
Q

Inherited in association with cystinosis and Hartnup disease or acquired through exposure to toxic agents

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A

Fanconi’s syndrome

24
Q

Ascending bacterial infection of the bladder (from the lower UTI)

25
Infection of the renal tubules and interstitial is related to interference of urine flow to the bladder, reflux of urine from the bladder and untreated cystitis (from the upper UTI)
Acute pyelonephritis
26
Recurrent infection of the renal tubules and interstitials is caused by structural abnormalities affecting the urine flow
Chronic pyelonephritis
27
Allergic inflammation of the renal interstitial in response to certain medications
Acute interstitial nephritis
28
Presence of RTE cells, RTE cells casts, hyaline/granular/waxy/broad casts are is indicative of what tubular disorder?
Acute tubular necrosis
29
The possibility of cystine crystals presence is found in urine specimen of patients with?
Fanconi's syndrome
30
What disorder has these urinalysis result? No WBC casts Presence of bacteria Mild proteinuria Increased pH Leukocyturia Microscopic hematuria
Cystitis
31
What disorder has these urinalysis result? Presence of WBC casts Presence of bacteria and bacterial casts Granular, waxy, broad casts Hemtaturia Proteinuria
Chronic pyelonephritis
32
What disorder has these urinalysis result? Presence of WBC casts No bacteria Hematuria Proteinuria
Acute interstitial nephritis
33
Serum and urine electrolytes and amino acid chromatography can be utilized for what tubular disorder?
Fanconi's syndrome
34
Hemoglobin, hematocrit and cardiac enzymes can be utilized for what tubular disorder?
Acute tubular disorder
35
Exhibits a sudden loss of renal function and is frequently reversible
Acute renal failure
36
What cause of renal failure is described? Decreased blood pressure/cardiac output Hemorrhage Burns Surgery Septicemia
Prerenal
37
What cause of renal failure is described? Acute glomerulonephritis Acute tubular necrosis Acute pyelonephritis Acute interstitial nephritis
Renal
38
What cause of renal failure is described? Renal calculi Tumors
Postrenal
39
Other term for renal calculi
Renal lithiasis
40
Type of renal stones common in Western industrialized countries
Upper renal stones
41
80% of renal stones or renal calculi consists of what?
Calcium oxalate (CaOx) or a mixture of oxalate and calcium phosphate
42
3-10% of renal stones or renal calculi consists of what?
Mixed calcium phosphate, magnesium ammonium phosphate, and uric acid
43
1-3% of renal stones or renal calculi consists of what?
Cystine stones
44
Urine with pH < 5.5 can be associated with what calculi formation?
Uric acid Cystine Xanthine calculi
45
Urine with pH 5 to 6 can be associated with what calculi formation?
Calcium oxalate Apatite calculi
46
Urine with pH >7 can be associated with what calculi formation?
Magnesium ammonium phosphate Calcium phosphate calculi
47
Which formation is produced by these causes? Idiopathic hypercalciuria Primary hyperparathyroidism Bone disease Excessive milk, alkali, Vit. D intake Renal tubular acidosis Sarcoidosis
Calcium Composition
48
Which formation is produced by these causes? Oxaluria Incomplete catabolism of carbohydrates Isohydria at pH 5.5 to 6.0 Excessive glycogen breakdown
Calcium Oxalate
49
Which formation is produced by these causes? Same conditions as for calcium oxalate Alkaline infection (urea-splitting) Persistently alkaline urine
Calcium Phosphate
50
Which formation is produced by these causes? Alkaline infection with urea-splitting bacteria
Magnesium Ammonium Phosphate Hexahydrate
51
Which formation is produced by these causes? GOUT Polycythemia Leukemia Lymphoma Conditions associated with rapid protein catabolism
Uric Acid and Urate
52
Which formation is produced by these causes? Transient acute phase of chronic renal diseases Heavy metal nephrotoxicity Aminoaciduria Renal tubular acidosis syndrome
Cystine
53
Which stone/s has these characteristics? Yellow to brownish red and are moderately hard
Uric Acid and Urate Stones
54
Which stone/s has these characteristics? Pale and friable
Calcium Oxalate Stones
55
Which stone/s has these characteristics? Very hard, often of a dark color and typically have a rough surface
Phosphate Stones
56
Which stone/s has these characteristics? Yellow-brown and feel somewhat greasy Soapy texture
Cystine Stones

Analysis on Urine and other Bodily Fluids (17 decks)

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