Lecture Reviewer Flashcards
(186 cards)
It explains the flow of genetic materials in organisms.
Central Dogma
It uses DNA as a template to produce another DNA.
Replication
It uses DNA as the template for the synthesis of an RNA.
Transcription
It uses RNA as the template for the synthesis of a protein.
Translation
It is an
RNA-driven DNA synthesis.
Reverse Transcription
3 major steps in DNA replication, transcription, and translation.
Initiation
Elongation
Termination
An enzyme that unwinds the double helix of the DNA and splits it open.
DNA Helicase
This enzyme relieves the tightening of the supercoil to prevent DNA damage.
Topoisomerase
It stabilizes the unwound DNA, preventing them from re-annealing.
Single-strand Binding Protein (SSB)
This enzyme adds a short piece of RNA at the 3’ end of the DNA to serve as a primer.
RNA primase
A strand of DNA where the addition of nucleotides is continuous.
Leading Strand
A strand of DNA where several RNA primers are required to gradually guide the DNA polymerase.
Lagging Strand
It is involved in the initial addition of DNA nucleotides.
DNA polymerase ɑ (alpha)
It adds DNA nucleotides to the leading strand.
DNA Polymerase ɛ
(epsilon)
It adds DNA nucleotides to the lagging strand, and is also responsible for proofreading and nipping the RNA primer, initiating removal.
DNA polymerase δ (delta)
It adds DNA nucleotides to both strands and is only found in prokaryotes.
DNA Polymerase III
It detaches the short RNA primer.
Flap Endonuclease 1 (FEN1)
It coats the long flap of RNA primer; prevents FEN1, and helps DNA2.
Replication Protein A
It cleaves the long RNA primer, making it shorter for final cleaving by FEN1.
Dna2 Endonuclease
Short DNA segments that are formed between the RNA primers.
Okazaki Fragments
It binds the Okazaki fragments together to form a single continuous DNA strand.
DNA ligase
The DNA strand that contains the code is referred to as _______.
Sense strand
Its
complementary DNA strand is called _______ and it serves as the template for transcription.
Antisense strand
TFIIs that comprise the pre-initiation complex.
TFIID, TFIIA, TFIIB, TFIIF