Lecture six- PHARMACOLOGY

Question 1

5 drug toxicities

Answer 1

1. Lithium
2. Digoxin/Lanoxin
3. Aminophylline
4. Dilantin/phenotoyin
5. Billirubin

Question 2

Lithium tx

Answer 2

antimania/bipolar

therapeutic lvl .6-1.2

Question 3

lithium toxicity is

Answer 3

> 2

Question 4

Lanoxin/digoxin purpose and therapeutic range

Answer 4

afib/chf

therapeutic lvl 1-2

Question 5

Digoxin toxicity

Answer 5

> 2

Question 6

Aminophylline purpose and therapeutic range

Answer 6

relieves airway spasms

therapeutic lvl 10-20

Question 7

Aminophylline toxicity

Answer 7

≥20

Question 8

Dilantin/fenatoid purpose and therapeutic range

Answer 8

seizures

terapeutic lvl 10-20

Question 9

Dilantin/fenatoid toxicity

Answer 9

≥20

Question 10

Billirubin in newborns elevated lvl

Answer 10

10-20

≥20 toxic

Question 11

if a newborns billi is 14-15 bring them to the

Answer 11

hospital

Question 12

kernicterus

Answer 12

billirubin in brain lvl 20

Question 13

apistotonus

Answer 13

position bby assumes when billi is too high in brain; hyperextension; heels to ears

Question 14

apistotonus positon ix

Answer 14

place on side

Question 15

pathologic jaundice is

Answer 15

bad first 24hrs

Question 16

physiologic jaundice is

Answer 16

okay 48-72hrs q birth

Question 17

dumping syndrome

Answer 17

usually follows a gastric surgery; stomach contents dump into jejunum
gastric contents move in right direction but wrong rate (too fas)

Question 18

dumping syndrome ss

Answer 18

drunk in shock, acute abdominal distress, cramps, guarding, borborigmi, diarrhea

Question 19

dumping syndrome tx

Answer 19

eat flat on side, decrease fluids w meals, decrease carbs, increase protein

Question 20

carbs and proteins are

Answer 20

opposites

Question 21

hiatal hernia

Answer 21

regurgitation of acid into esophagus due to upper part of stomach herniating into diaphragm
gastric contents move in the wrong direction at correct rate

Question 22

hiatal hernia ss

Answer 22

GERD heartburn/indigestion

Question 23

hiatal hernia tx

Answer 23

raise hob during and after meals, increase fluids w meals, increase carbs, decrease proteins

Question 24

kalemias do the same as the prefix except for

Answer 24

heartrate and urine output

Question 25

hyperkalemia

Answer 25

high K+ | HR low, urine output low

Question 26

hypokalemia

Answer 26

low K+ | HR high, urine output high

Question 27

K+ lvl

Answer 27

3.5-5.0

Question 28

Hyperkalemia ss

Answer 28

agitation, restless, tachypnea, bradycardia, peaked T & ST waves, borborigomi, diarrhea, muscle spasms, +3+4 reflexes

Question 29

Hypokalemia ss

Answer 29

decreased loc, tachycardia, bradypnea, constipation, flaccid muscles, +1 reflexes

Question 30

clonus is

Answer 30

irritability

Question 31

obtundant is

Answer 31

lethargic;severe

Question 32

calcemias do the opposite of the

Answer 32

prefix

Question 33

hypercalcemia

Answer 33

everything low

Question 34

hypocalcemia

Answer 34

everything high

Question 35

hypocalcemia ss

Answer 35

chvostek sign | trousseaus sign

Question 36

chvostek sign

Answer 36

tap cheek and assess ofr facial spasm=+

Question 37

trousseaus sign

Answer 37

inflate bp cuff and assess for hand spasm=+

Question 38

magnesimias do opposite of

Answer 38

prefix

Question 39

hypermagnesia everything goes

Answer 39

down

Question 40

hypomagnesia everything goes

Answer 40

up

Question 41

in a tie between electrolytes on a question usually dont pick

Answer 41

magnesium

Question 42

if the question focuses on muscles/nerves its prob

Answer 42

calcium | anything else k+

Question 43

tetany

Answer 43

muscle contractions/spasms

Question 44

dehydration is associated with

Answer 44

hypernatremia | admin iv fluids

Question 45

fluid vol overload is associated with

Answer 45

hyponatremia | fluid restriction/lasix

Question 46

earliest sign of an electrolyte imbal

Answer 46

numbness/tingling circamural paresthesia around lips paresis muscle weakness

Question 47

K+ tx tips

Answer 47

never push iv | no more than 40 k+ in one liter of iv fluids

Question 48

how to lower k+

Answer 48

admin d5w w reg insulin (fast but temporary) | kexalate; full of Na+ and causes K+ to exit through bowels

Question 49

Na+ and K+ balance

Answer 49

eachother