Review five- DIABETES

Question 1

Diabetic pts cannot metabolize

Answer 1

glucose

Question 2

diabetes insipidus

Answer 2

polyuria and polydipsia leading to dehydration due to low ADH
NOT A GLUCOSE ISSUE

Question 3

diabetes insipidus urine

Answer 3

more urine; low specific gravity

Question 4

SIADH

Answer 4

oliguria, not thirsty, sudden weight gain, holding onto water

Question 5

SIADH urine

Answer 5

less urine; higher specific gravity

Question 6

polyuria

Answer 6

excessive urination

Question 7

polydipsia

Answer 7

excessive thirst

Question 8

polyphagia

Answer 8

increased swallowing/appetite

Question 9

Diabetes type1 tx

Answer 9

insulin, exercise, diet

Question 10

Diabetes type2 tx

Answer 10

diet, oral hypoglycemic, exercise

Question 11

diabetes diet

Answer 11

calorie restriction

6sm meals a day

Question 12

insulin expiration date is invalid if

Answer 12

bottle is opened

Question 13

once an insulin bottle is open it has how many days until expiration

Answer 13

30 days

Question 14

insulin refrigeration

Answer 14

optional at hospital

teach pt to refrigerate at home

Question 15

Regular insulins

Answer 15

humulin R, Novolin R
RAPID
clear fluid

Question 16

Reg insulin can be used ___ drip

Answer 16

IV drip

Question 17

Reg insulin
O
P
D

Answer 17

Onset 1hr
Peak 2hr
Duration 4hr

Question 18

NPH/intermediate insulin

Answer 18

cloudy

suspension

Question 19

can NPH insulin be administered via iv?

Answer 19

no cloudy in an iv bag

“not so fast, not in bag”

Question 20

NPH insulin
O
P
D

Answer 20

Onset 6hr
Peak 8-10hr
Duration 12hr

Question 21

assess for hypoglycemia when insulin

Answer 21

peaks

Question 22

humalog/lispro is a ___ insulin

Answer 22

fast acting

Question 23

administer humalog/lispro with a

Answer 23

meal

Question 24

Humalog/lispro
O
P
D

Answer 24

Onset 15min
Peak 30min
Duration 3hrs

Question 25

Lantus/filargine is a ___ insulin

Answer 25

long acting no essential peak

Question 26

lantus/filargine has no risk of

Answer 26

hypoglycemia

Question 27

lantus/filargine can be administered at

Answer 27

bedtime

Question 28

Lantus/filargine O P D

Answer 28

onset unk peak unk duration 12-24hrs

Question 29

exercise does the same thing as

Answer 29

insulin | drops bs; send pts w carbs snack

Question 30

if a pt frequently exercises they need less

Answer 30

insulin

Question 31

if a pt exercises less they need more

Answer 31

insulin

Question 32

sick days

Answer 32

diabetic is sick, insulin goes up due to stress lvls

Question 33

on sick days ensure diabetic pts

Answer 33

sip water; hyperglycemia rx and dehydration rx

Question 34

acute cx of diabetes

Answer 34

1. low blood sugar; not enough food too much insulin; CAN CAUSE BRAIN DAMAGE 2. high blood sugar; type 1 DKA 3. stress due to viral resp infections >250BG

Question 35

Hypoglycemic s/s

Answer 35

drunk in shock! | stagger, slurred speech, impaired judgement, labile emotions, low bp, tachycardia, tachypnea, pale, cold

Question 36

Hypoglycemia tx

Answer 36

give a sugar and a starch/protein | if unconscious glucagon IM, dextrose IV

Question 37

DKA ss

Answer 37

Dhydration Ketones, kussmaul, K+ high Acidotic,acetone breath, anorexia due to nausea

Question 38

DKA tx

Answer 38

iv fluids fast rate

Question 39

HHNK/HHS/HHNS is

Answer 39

type 2 diabetic only | dehydration, fluid vol defecit

Question 40

HHS ss

Answer 40

dry, poor turgor, hot, flushed

Question 41

HHS Ix

Answer 41

administer iv fluids

Question 42

HHS desired outcomes

Answer 42

increased urinary output, increased bp, moist membranes *do not need insulin*

Question 43

long term diabetes cx

Answer 43

related to poor tissue perfusion and neuropathy - renal failure; poor tissue perfusion - loss of bladder control; neuropathy - impaired healing; neuropathy

Question 44

HgA1C is the

Answer 44

best indicator of diabetes management

Question 45

HgA1C <6

Answer 45

ideal under control

Question 46

HgA1C >8

Answer 46

out of control