Lecture slides Flashcards
(23 cards)
What innervates platysma
Facial - cervical branch
Describe the layers of tissue in the posterior triangle
Skin
Superficial fascia (CN VII)
Platysma
Investing layer of deep cervical fascia
What does the investing layer of deep cervical fascia do
Covers deep structure (roof of posterior triangle)
Splits to enclose SCM and Trap
XI runs embedded in this layer
What plane does the external jugular vein run in
Between superficial and investing layer of deep cervical fascia
What are the attachments of the investing layer
Superior
- ligamentum nuchae
- hyoid bone
- inferior border of mandible
- superior nuchal line
- continuous with paroitid fascia
- external occipital protuberence
- Inferior extent of mastoid process
Inferior
- spinous process C7
- Acromion
- Clavicle
- Scapula
What are the layers of the deep fascia in the neck
Investing
Prevertebral
Pretracheal
(also carotid sheath, derived from component layers of deep fascia)
Describe the attachments of the pre-vertebral layer
Envelops vertebrae and deep cervical muscles surrounding vertebral column - forming floor of posterior triangle
Superior
- basillar occipital bone
- jugular foramen
- carotid canal
- supeiror nuchal line & external occipital protuberance
Posterior
-anterior transverse processes of C spine - 2 laminae (danger space)
Inferior
-inserts onto bones surrounding superior thoracic aperture
What is the cervical plexus
Ventral primary rami of some spinal nerves unite shortly after their origins
- an example of which > cervical plexus
- sensory and motor from C1- C4
x superficial are sensory
What are the sensory branches of the cervical plexus and their respective roots
Lesser occipital
Greater auricular C2/C3
Transverse cervical C2/C3
Supraclavicular C3/C4
What is the ansa cervicalis
C1-C3
-superior root C1 - travels with hypoglossal nerve
x motor: thyrohyoid, geniohyoid
-inferior root C2-C3 - travels in carotid sheath
x motor: sternohyoid, sternothyroid, omohyoid
What are the borders of anterior and posterior triangles
Anterior
- midline
- SCM
- Lower border of mandible
- Investing fascia - roof
Posterior triangle
- SCM
- Trap
- Medial 1/3rd clavicle
Where does the accessor nerve arise
Ventral horn cells C1-C5
Merge
Ascend through foramen magnum and exit via jugular foramen
What is the function of the larynx
Prevent food passage into lower respiratory tract
Allows passage of air
Organ of phonation
How many cartilages are there in the larynx
3 unpaired
- epiglottic
- thyroid
- cricoid
6 paired
- arythenoid
- cuneiform
- corniculate
What is the point where the thyroid laminae fused called
Thyroid angle
What do the horns of the thyroid connect with
Superior horn (cornu) -Hyoid
Inferior horn
-contributes to the cricothyroid joint
(cricoid attaches on medial surgace of horn)
What are the processes of the arytenoids and what forms from them
Vocal process
-attach to vocal cords
Muscular process
-attach to posterior cricoarytenoid and lateral cricoarytenoid
Superior process
-attach to vestibular ligmament and thyroarytenoid ligament
What do the laryngeal joints do
Cricothyroid
- mediolateral rotation predominantly
- anteroposterior translation
Crcioarytenoid
-mediolateral and superoinferior rotation
How does the epiglottic cartilage attach to the larynx
Via thyroepiglottic ligament, attaching to the internal aspect of the laryngeal prominence
What are the parts of the larynx
Vestibule
Ventricular (laryngeal ventricle and saccule)
infraglottic space
Name all the muscles of the larynx, their actions, origins and insertions
see larynx
Describe the sensory innervation of the larynx
Above vocal cords
-internal branch of superior laryngeal
Below
-recurrent laryngeal
What does the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve supply
cricothyroid
