Lecture3: Neurotransmitters

Question 1

Which enzyme destroys neurotransmitters?

Answer 1

Aceytlcholinesterase

Question 2

What receptor does Glutamate act on?

Answer 2

NMDA

Question 3

which is glutamate converted into?

Answer 3

Glutamine

Question 4

What converts glutamate to glutamine?

Answer 4

Glial cells

Question 5

What does increased extra cellular glutamate lead to?

Answer 5

Parkinson’s, dementia, Huntington’s chorea

Question 6

When is extracellular glutamate increased?

Answer 6

After trauma or stroke

Question 7

Where is Glycine mainly found?

Answer 7

In the interneturons in the spinal cord

Question 8

What type of neurons is glycine?

Answer 8

Ionotropic

Question 9

What is GABA synthesized from?

Answer 9

Glutamate

Question 10

What cofactor does GABA syenthesis utilize?

Answer 10

Vitamin B6

Question 11

What does GABA deficiency lead to?

Answer 11

Convulsions and epilepsy

Question 12

What is Catecholamines derived from?

Answer 12

Tyrosine

Question 13

What controls mood and arousal?

Answer 13

Catecholamines

Question 14

What 2 enzymes metabolize Catecholamines?

Answer 14

MAO and COMT

Question 15

What does dopamine deficiency lead to?

Answer 15

Parkinsons and schizophrenia

Question 16

What does dopamine treat?

Answer 16

Renal failure

Question 17

What is serotonin derived from?

Answer 17

Tryptophan

Question 18

What is the most important excitatory transmitter in the CNS?

Answer 18

Glutamate

Question 19

Does excess glutamate lead to apoptosis?

Answer 19

Yes

Question 20

What blocks the ionotropic Glycine receptor?

Answer 20

Strychnine

Question 21

what visible effect does strychnine lead to?

Answer 21

Convulsions

Question 22

What type is the GABA-A receptor?

Answer 22

Ionotropic

Question 23

What type is the GABA-B receptor?

Answer 23

Metabotropic

Question 24

What receptor do benzodiazepines bind to?

Answer 24

GABA-A

Question 25

What do Benzodiazepines cause?

Answer 25

Muscle relaxation and reduced anxiety

Question 26

Are barbiturates toxic in overdose?

Answer 26

Yes

Question 27

Stimulation of the postganglionic nerves and intermediate ganglia is responsible for which response?

Answer 27

Fight or Flight

Question 28

What produces epinephrine?

Answer 28

The adrenal medulla

Question 29

What leads to pheochromocytoma?

Answer 29

A tumor in the adrenal medulla

Question 30

In which form is the Vanillylmandelic acid measured to diagnose function of the adrenal medulla?

Answer 30

Urine

Question 31

What is Dopamine catabolised to form?

Answer 31

HVA

Question 32

Which cofactor does serotonin need?

Answer 32

BH4

Question 33

Where is histamine found?

Answer 33

In the hypothalamus

Question 34

What is is histamine derived from?

Answer 34

Histidine

Question 35

Prevention of binding of Acetylcholine leads to?

Answer 35

Myasthenia gravis

Question 36

What produced N.O?

Answer 36

Arginine

Question 37

Which receptors are inhibited to form effect of caffeine?

Answer 37

Adenosine

Question 38

Where are endorphins and encephalins found?

Answer 38

In the spinal cord and brain

Question 39

What leads to the Joggers High after strenuous exercise?

Answer 39

Endorphins