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Kin 121 > Lectures 1 -10 > Flashcards

Lectures 1 -10 Flashcards

1
Q
  1. Proximal?

2. Distal?

A
  1. Towards the origin (nearer to the trunk)

2. Away from the origin (further from the trunk)

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2
Q

The arms are proximal to the hands is an example of what type of directional term?

A

Proximal

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3
Q

The hands are distal to the arms, is what kind of directional term?

A

Distal

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4
Q
  1. Supine position?

2. Prone position?

A
  1. A person lying on his back

2. A person lying face down

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5
Q
  1. Superior?

2. Inferior?

A
  1. Nearer to the head

2. Nearer to the feet

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6
Q

The head is _____ to the thorax

A

Superior

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7
Q

The stomach is _______ to the heart

A

Inferior

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8
Q
  1. Anterior?

2. Posterior?

A
  1. Nearer to the front

2. Nearer to the back

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9
Q

Quadriceps are _______ to the hamstrings

A

Anterior

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10
Q

Hamstrings are ________ to the quadriceps

A

Posterior

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11
Q
  1. Superficial?

2. Deep?

A
  1. Nearer to the surface of the body

2. Farther from the surface of the body

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12
Q

Which is more superficial? Muscle or skin?

A

Skin

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13
Q

Which lies deeper? Heart or ribs?

A

Heart

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14
Q
  1. Medial?

2. Lateral?

A
  1. Nearer to the median plane

2. Farther from the middle of the body

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15
Q

The nose is ____ to the eyes, but the eyes are _____ to the nose

A

Medial

Lateral

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16
Q

Median or Sagittal plane

A

Vertical plane that bisects the body into right and left halves

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17
Q

Frontal plane (coronal)

A
  • Divides the body into front and back halves

- Does adduction and abduction

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18
Q

Transverse plane (horizontal plane)

A
  • Divides body into upper and lower halves

- Does rotation (circles, rotation)

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19
Q
  1. Flexion?
  2. Extension?
    They happen in which plane?
A
  1. Reduces the angle between two bones at a joint (closing a joint)
  2. Increases the angle between two bones at a joint (opening a joint)
    Both happen in the sagittal plane
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20
Q
  1. Abduction?
  2. Adduction?
    They happen in which plane?
A
  1. Movement away from the body
  2. Movement towards the body
    Both happen in the frontal plane
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21
Q

Circumduction?

A
  • The combination of flexion-extension movements, with adduction-abduction movements
  • A cone of movement occurs, but there is no rotation
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22
Q

tracing a circle in the air with your finger while the rest of your hand doesnt move is what type of movement?

A

Circumduction

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23
Q

Define rotation?

What are the two types?

A
  • Bones rotate along its longitudinal axis
    1. Internal (medial) - inwards rotation
    2. External (lateral) - rotation back to original position
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24
Q
  1. Supination?

2. Pronation?

A
  1. Describes movement relative to the forearm and hand; hand is moved so you can see the palm (hold a bowl)
    - Palm is moved to face anteriorly
  2. Palm is facing downwards
    - palm is moved to face posteriorly
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25
Q
  1. Inversion?

2. Eversion?

A
    • Sole is turned inwards
      - Causes ankle injuries at the joint
    • Sole is turned outward; away from the body’s median plane
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26
Q
  1. Dorsiflexion?

2. Plantar flexion?

A
    • Movement of the ankle so that the dorsal surface (top) of the foot moves superiorly
      (pointing toes towards your body)
    • Draws the foot inferiorly in the anatomical position
      ( Pushing toes away from your body)
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27
Q

What are short bones? Examples?

A
  • Serve as good shock absorbers

- Bones of the ankle and wrist

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28
Q

What are long bones? Examples?

A
  • Proximal and distal enlargements (length greatly exceeds its diameter)
  • Provides lever for movement
  • Femur, humerus, and others
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29
Q

What are flat bones? Examples?

A
  • Protect underlying organs

- Bones of the skull, scapula, ribs, sternum and clavicle

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30
Q

What are irregular bones? Examples?

A
  • Fulfill special functions

- Bones of face, and verterbraes

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31
Q

What are sesamoid bones? Examples?

A
  • Function as a pully
  • Oval, pea-like, and found in tendons
  • Patella, and others
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32
Q

Define porosity

A

Bones with a smaller proportion of calcium phosphate and carbonate, and they also have greater nonmineralized tissue

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33
Q

Bone classification:
1. Cortical bone
2. Spongy (cancellous) bone
Examples for both

A
  1. Low porosity ( less flexible and can resist greater stress) (ex. arms and legs)
  2. High porosity ( more nonmineralized tissue) (ex. vertebrae)
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34
Q

Bone composition:

Define connective tissue

A

Have large amounts of extra-cellular material that separates cells (non fibrous protein ground substance, protein fibers, fluid)
EX: - the packing around organs, muscles, tendons, ligaments, cartilage, blood

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35
Q

T or F: Bone is a connective tissue

A

True

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36
Q

Define Collagen

A

Gives bone its characteristic of flexibility, and contributes to its ability to resist pulling and stretching forces

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37
Q

What is the most abundant protein in the body?

A

Collagen

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38
Q

What is the main component of ligaments and tendons?

A

Collagen

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39
Q

What are the components of bone?

A

Calcium Carbonate, Calcium phosphate, but also water

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40
Q

Percentage of the bone components?

A

Calcium carbonate + phosphate (60-70%)

Water (20-25%)

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41
Q

What do the components of bone provide?

A

Provide bone’s stiffness and resistance to pressing or squeezing forces

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42
Q

Bones respond dramatically to stress in which two ways?

A
  1. It can increase/decrease density depending on physical activity
  2. It can remodel and change shape
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43
Q

Define condyle

Where are the connections?

A

An enlargement for articular surface

- Connection of bones at elbow/wrists

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44
Q

Define tubercle

Where are the connections?

A

The bump for tendon attachment

- Top of lower arm where the radius and ulna attach/meet

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45
Q

What is the axial skeleton composed of? (4)

How many bones total?

A 
Skull
Vertebrae
Ribs
Sternum 
(Head, spine, trunk)
80 bones total
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46
Q

What is composed of 22 bones?

A

The skull

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47
Q

How many bones is the vertebral column (spinal cord) composed of?

A

26 bones

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48
Q

Name the parts of the vertebral column (5), and how many bones in each part?

A

Cervical vertebrae = 7 (neck)
Thoracic vertebrae = 12 (chest- each with a pair of ribs)
Lumbar vertebrae = 5 (lower back)
Sacrum = 1 (mid-line butt- 5 fused bones)
Coccyx = 1 (tail-bone- 4 fused bones)

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49
Q

How man ribs are there? and what are the categories?

A

12 pairs OR 24 ribs
True ribs = ribs 1-7
False ribs = ribs 8-10
Floating ribs = ribs 11-12

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50
Q

Where is the costal cartilage located?

A

Attaches the ribs to the sternum

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51
Q

What is the sternum?

A

The midline breast bone, made up of 3 fused bones

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52
Q

What are the parts of the sternum? What do they join?

A
  1. Manubrium
  2. Sternal body
  3. Xiphoid process
    It joins the clavicles and 10 pairs of ribs
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53
Q

The breast bone is another name for what?

A

The sternum

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54
Q

T or F: Bone is metabolically more active then muscle

A

True

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55
Q

T or F: It is impossible for bones to respond to stress

A

False; bones respond to stress

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56
Q

T or F: Bones can’t redevelop

A

False; bones can redevelop

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57
Q

What are the four parts of the appendicular skeleton?

A

1) Pectoral Girdle
2) The upper limbs
3) The pelvic girdle
4) The lower limbs

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58
Q

What is the pectoral girdle composed of?

A 
The clavicle (collar bone), and the scapula (shoulder blades)
- It is one joint that joins the pectoral girdle and the arm to the axial skeleton
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59
Q

Clavicle:

  1. Medial attachment?
  2. Lateral attachment?
  3. Types of movement?
A
  1. To the sternum
  2. To the scapula
  3. Retraction/ protraction,
    elevation/ depression
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60
Q

Where is the spine of the scapula?

A

It is located on the posterior side

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61
Q

What is the upper limbs composed of?

A

arms, hands and wrists

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62
Q

Name the three parts of the arm

A

Humerus (shoulder to elbow)
Radius (forearm - thumb/ lateral side)
Ulna (forearm - pinky/ medial side)

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63
Q

Name the three parts of the hands/ wrists

A 
Carpals (in wrist) = 8 
- Scaphoid (lateral)
- Lunate (medial)
Metacarpals = 5
- joins to the distal rows of the carpals (bones in the hand, NOT fingers)
- M1 = thumb  M5 = pinky
Phalanges = 3 in fingers, 2 in thumbs
- proximal, middle and distal phalanges
- 14 / hand
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64
Q

What is the pelvic girdle?

A

Joins the leg/hip joint and the axial skeleton by the sacrum

- formed by two oscoxa hip bones

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65
Q

What are the three parts of the oscoxa bones?

A
  1. Ilium - higher
  2. Pubis - middle under where sacrum connects
  3. Ischium - lowest part
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66
Q

What makes up the lower limbs of a body?

A

A person’s leg, ankle and foot

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67
Q

Three parts of the leg and what they are?

A
  1. Femur - the thigh bone
  2. Patella - the knee cap ( a sesamoid bone)
  3. Tibia - medial bone (bigger/ main bone)
    Fibula - lateral bone (skinnier bone); does NOT join to the knee
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68
Q

Three parts of the ankle/foot

A
  1. Tarsals = 7
    - Talus = what tibia and fibula attach to
    - Calcaneus = heel bone
  2. Metatarsals = 5 (M1 = big toe)
    - bones in foot, NOT toes
  3. Phalanges = 14/ foot
    - big toe = 2
    - all others = 3
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69
Q

What do the ends of the clavicle articulate with? Medial and lateral ends?

A 
Medial = sternum (manubrium)
Lateral = scapula (acromion process)
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70
Q

Movements the clavicle ends on?

A

Retraction (backwards), protraction (forward), elevation, depression

71
Q

What is the skeletal attachment point for the pelvic girdle to the rest of the skeleton?

A

To the sacrum

72
Q

Human motion is caused by levers (limbs) being __________ about ______ (joints) by applying ______ (muscles)

A

Accelerated
Axes
Torques

73
Q

Movement in the sagittal plane?

A

Flexion/ Extension

74
Q

Movement in the frontal plane?

A

Abduction/ Adduction

75
Q

Movement in the transverse plane?

A

Rotation

76
Q

Name the five types of rotation

A

Internal (medial) rotation of the shoulder
External (lateral) rotation of the shoulder
Supination of the forearm
Pronation of the forearm
Rotation of the head & trunk (circumduction)

77
Q

Elbow movements?

A

Flexion/ extension

Supination/ pronation

78
Q

Shoulder movements?

A 
Flexion/ extension
Abduction/ Adduction
Medial/ lateral rotation 
Horizontal abduction/ adduction
Circumduction
79
Q

Trunk movements?

A

Flexion/ extension
Lateral flexion/ extension
Rotation

80
Q

Ankle movements?

A

Inversion/ Eversion

Dorsiflexion/ plantar flexion

81
Q

Define a joint

A

The point of connection between bones (the material that joins them)

82
Q

Define: Ligaments

A

Strands of connective tissue that maintain the stability of integrity of joints (hold the bones together)
- * joins bone to bone*

83
Q

Where are slightly moveable joints located?(3)

A
  1. Between vertebrae
  2. Between right and left pubic bones
  3. Sacroiliac joint (also called moveable joint)
84
Q

What are fibrous joints?

A

They are the disks between vertebral bodies

  • they have low mobility
  • pulpy interior
  • fibrous exterior
85
Q

T or F: The sacroiliac joint is fibrous & synovial

A

True

86
Q

T or F: The symphysis pubis is made up of fibro cartilage.

A

True

87
Q

Synovial joints are made up of which 4 parts?

A
  • Joint capsule
  • Synovial membrane
  • Synovial fluid
  • Hyaline (articular) cartilage
88
Q

Define: joint capsule (ligament)

A

It seals and holds the joint together

  • it compresses over night
  • it may or may not have thickenings called intrinsic ligaments
89
Q

Define: Synovial membrane (inside capsule)

A

It covers the joint cavity and secretes the lubrication fluid

90
Q

Define: Synovial fluid (inside membrane)

A

Lubricates the joint

91
Q

Define: Hyaline (articular) cartilage

A

A protective layer of dense white connective tissue that covers the ends of the articulating bones
- it’s the least regenerative joint

92
Q

What happens to the joint when you crack your fingers?

A

It makes the joint (capsule) bigger after cracking

- gas come out of the solution

93
Q

Define: Extrinsic ligaments

A

Support the joint & connect the articulating bones

94
Q

Define: Sternoclavicular joint

A

Connects the sternum to the clavicle

  • only joint connecting the pectoral girdle to the axial skeleton
  • Strengthened by an intra-capsular disc & extrinsic ligaments
95
Q

Name the movements of the pectoral girdle

A

Elevation/ Depression

Protraction/ Retraction

96
Q

Define: Acromioclavicular joint

What kind of injury?

A

Unites the lateral end of the clavicle with the acromion process of the scapula
- bone that separates when you have a shoulder seperations

97
Q

Define: Glenohumeral joint

Why is it injured?

A

Connects the humerus and the scapula
- multi-axial joint
- has a wide range of motion
Injury = relative lack of stability

98
Q

Names the three joints in the elbow joint

A

Humeroradial
Humeroulnar
Proximal radioulnar

99
Q

Define the elbow joint: Humeroradial

Movement?

A

Where the humerus and radius meet
- Looks like a lifesaver
Movement : flexion/ extension; pronation/ supination

100
Q

Define the elbow joint: Humeroulnar

Movement?

A

Where humerus and ulna meet
- looks like a wrench
Movement: flexion/ extension

101
Q

Which bone moves the hand?

A

The radius

102
Q

Define the forearm joint: Proximal radioulnar

Movement?

A

Where the radius and ulna touch by the elbow - it’s part of the elbow
Movement: pronation/ supination

103
Q

Define the forearm joint: Distal radioulnar

Movement?

A

It’s where the radius and ulna touc by the wrist

Movement: pronation/ supination

104
Q

Is there an elbow joint ?

A

No, only 3 joints around the elbow

105
Q

Define the wrist joint: Radiocarpal joint

Movement?

A

Between the distal end of the radius and the 2 carpals (scaphoid and lunate)
Movement: flexion/extension; circumduction

106
Q

Define the hand joint: Metacarpophalangeal (knuckles)

Movement?

A

Between the distal end of the metacarpals and the proximal phalanges?
Movement: flexion/ extension

107
Q

Define the synovial trunk joint: Intervertebral joints

Movement?

A 
(Also called facet joints)
- Susceptible to sprains
- Each vertebra has 2 facet joints connecting them
Movement: Rotation
Lumbar - Flexion/ extension
Thoracic - lateral flexion/ extension
108
Q

Intervertebral joint: ____ facet joints on each thoracic vertebrae

A

8

109
Q

Name the two synovial joints of the trunk and pelvic joints?

A 
Lumbosacral joint ( trunk)
Sacroiliac joing (between sacrum and ilium)
110
Q

Define the hip joint : Acetabulum (the socket)

Movement?

A

This joint is between the proximal femur and the socket (acetabulum) in the pelvis
Movement: flexion/ extension; abduction/ adduction

111
Q

The tibiofemoral joint is another name for?

A

The knee joint

112
Q

What are the three parts of the knee joint?

A

The Meniscus cartilage
The Cruciate ligaments
The Collateral ligaments

113
Q

Define part of the knee joint: Meniscus cartilage

A

It is between the tibia and femur
It’s shock absorbing fibrocartilage discs
It’s located lateral and medial (under patella)

114
Q

Define part of the knee joint : cruciate ligaments

A

In the center of the joint, they are X-shaped

  • anterior and posterior
  • (between two white squares)
115
Q

Define part of the knee joint: Collateral ligaments

A

They extend from femur to tibia & fibula on the outside of the joint
- medial and lateral (outside parts of knee)

116
Q

Ankle joint: The distal ______ and ______ articulate with the superior part of the ______

A

Fibula and tibia

Talus

117
Q

Define the part of the foot joint: transverse (mid) tarsal joint
Movement?

A

Between proximal & distal row of tarsal bones

Movement: inversion / eversion

118
Q

Name the six muscle attachment locations

A 
Deltoid tubercle
Bicipital groove
Radial tubercle
Ulnar tubercle
Ischial tuberosity
Tibial tuberosity
119
Q

Muscle function:
Prime movers are called __________
Opposing muscles are called ________

A

Agonists

Antagonists

120
Q

Ex of muscle function:

Hamstrings are _____ in knee flexion; but _______ in knee extension

A

Agonists

Antagonists

121
Q

T or F: Muscles are important stabilizers.

A

True

122
Q

Sternocleidomastoid:

1. Attachments? 2. Function?

A
  1. Sternum & clavicle to the base of the skull (bump behind ears is mastoid process)
  2. Flexes neck - when both sides contract
    Flexes & rotates head - when one side contracts
123
Q

When ___ side of the sternocledomastoid contracts, it will rotate head to the ____ and _____ (towards sternum)

A

Right
Left
Down

124
Q

Erector Spinae:

1. Attachments? 2. Function?

A
  1. From the sacrum and ilium (posterior) to the base of the skull (back)
    ** OR Iliac crest, then all the vertebrae to the skull **
  2. Upper portion - extends neck
    Lower portion - extends trunk
125
Q

What muscles are used in lateral neck flexion to the right?

A

Right sternocleidomastoid

Right upper erector spinae

126
Q

Name the anterior muscles that move the trunk (abdominals)(4)

A 
Rectus abdominis
External oblique (2)
Internal oblique (2)
Transversus abdominis
127
Q

What to the rectus abdominis look like?

1. Attachment? 2. Function?

A

There’s left and right rectus abdominis, they are vertical (but only 1 muscle)
1. Sternum (xiphoid process) and adjacent with ribs to pubic bone
2. Trunk flexion
Pelvis stabilization & tilt backwards
Deep muscle of the abdomen

128
Q

External oblique:

1. Attachments? 2. Function

A
  1. Lateral ribs downward to the anterior crest of the ilium, pubis, and linea alba (between rectus abdominis)
  2. Trunk flexion and rotation
    Pelvis stabilization & tilt backwards
    Directly under skin
    Right side = flexes & rotates to the left
129
Q

Internal oblique:

1. Attachments? 2. Function?

A
  1. Linea alba downwards, to lateral crest of pubis & ilium
  2. Trunk flexion and rotation
    Pelvis stabilization & tilt backwards
130
Q

Doing a sit up towards the left requires which muscles?

A

The left internal oblique & the right external oblique

131
Q

T or F: Obliques are deep

A

False; obliques are superficial

132
Q

Transversus abdominis:

1. Location? 2. Attachments? 3. Function?

A
  1. left and right (lateral sides of rectus abdominis)
  2. Linea alba to lower ribs, crest of ilium and to the spine
  3. Compresses abdomen
    Spine & trunk stabilization
133
Q

What muscle is used in planking? and is important to keep in shape?

A

The transversus abdominis

134
Q

Name the muscle that moves the trunk?

A

The erector spinae

135
Q

What is the erector spinae important for? and what does it help you do?

A

Important in back injury prevention

Helps you lift and stand straight

136
Q

What is used in lateral trunk flexion to the right?

A 
Right abdominals (NOT transversus)
Right erector spinae
137
Q

Name the muscles moving the humerus

A

Anterior Deltoid
Middle Deltoid
Posterior Deltoid

138
Q

Anterior deltoid:

  1. Proximal attachment?
  2. Distal attachment? 3. Function?
A
  1. Lateral clavicle
  2. Deltoid tubercle of the humerus
  3. Shoulder flexion & internal (medial) rotation
139
Q

Middle deltoid:

  1. Proximal attachment?
  2. Distal attachment? 3. Function?
A
  1. Lateral clavicle (acromion process)
  2. Deltoid tubercle of the humerus
  3. Shoulder abduction
140
Q

Posterior deltoid:

  1. Proximal attachment?
  2. Distal attachment? 3. Function?
A
  1. Lateral spine of the scapula
  2. Deltoid tubercle of the humerus
  3. Shoulder extension
    External (lateral) rotation
141
Q

What is the anterior muscle moving the humerus?

A

The pectoralis major

142
Q

Pectoralis major:

  1. Proximal attachment?
  2. Distal attachment? 3. Function?
A

*Goes from the medial clavicle & sternum, the grabs the bicipital groove**
1. Sternum & clavicle
2. Lip of the bicipital groove
3. Horizontal adduction of humerus
Bringing arm down from overhead (extension of adduction)
Internal (medial) rotation

143
Q

What are the posterior muscles moving the humerus?

A 
The latissimus dorsi
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus 
Subscapularis
Trapezius
144
Q

Which muscle goes from the thoracic vertebra, to the sacrum, and under the arm attaching to the front of the arm ?

A

Latissimus dorsi

145
Q

Latissimus dorsi:

  1. Proximal attachment? (3)
  2. Distal attachment? 3. Function?
A
  1. Bottom 6 thoracic vertebrae, all lumbar vertebrae and the sacrum
  2. Passes under arm to the lip of the bicipital groove
  3. Horizontal abduction of the humerus
    Bringing arms down from overhead ( extention/ adduction)
    Internal rotation of the humerus
146
Q

Supraspinatus:

1. Proximal attachment? 2. Distal attachment? 3. Function? 4. Location?

A
  1. Supraspinous fossa of the scapula
  2. Superior part of the humerus
  3. Abducts the humerus
  4. Under acromion process
147
Q

Infraspinatus:

1. Proximal attachment? 2. Distal attachment? 3. Function? 4. Location?

A
  1. Infraspinous fossa of the scapula
  2. Posterior proximal humerus
  3. Adducts humerus
    External (lateral) rotation of the humerus
    (pulls humerus backwards, rotates)**
  4. Just below the supraspinatus
    NOT the main muscles*
148
Q

Subscapularis:

1. Proximal attachment? 2. Distal attachment? 3. Function? 4. Location?

A
  1. Subscapular fossa of the scapula
  2. Anterior proximal humerus
  3. Adducts humerus
    Internal (medial) rotation of the humerus
  4. Under the scapula/ hidden by the humerus
    * strong internal movement*
149
Q

Name the three rotator cuff muscles? (SIS)

A

Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Subscapularis

150
Q

Trapezius:

1. Proximal attachment? 2. Distal attachment? 3. Function? 4. Location?

A
  1. From the base of the skull to the thoracic #12 vertebra
  2. Spine of the scapula
    (medial spine for lower trap)
    (lateral spine for upper trap)
  3. Scapular stabilization
    Upper - shoulder elevation
    Mid- shoulder retraction
    Lower - shoulder depression
    Locks scapula in place
151
Q

The muscles that move the scapula will also be very important _____ and ________ of the scapula when other muscles attempt to move the humerus

A

Stabilizers
Fixators
Humerus

152
Q

Improper conditioning of the ________ without conditioning the stabilizers is cause for many injuries

A

Prime movers

153
Q

Name the four muscles moving the forearm

A

Brachialis
Biceps brachii
Brachioradialis
Triceps brachii

154
Q

Brachialis:

1. Proximal attachment? 2. Distal attachment? 3. Function? 4. Location?

A
  1. Anterior distal humerus
  2. Anterior proximal ulna (ulna tubercle)
  3. Elbow flexion
  4. Located under biceps, goes from the humerus to the ulna
155
Q

Biceps Brachii:

1. Proximal attachment? 2. Distal attachment? 3. Function? 4. Location?

A
  1. Scapula (superior to the glenoid fossa)
    Scapula (coracoid process)
  2. Anterior proximal radius (radial tubercle)
  3. Elbow flexion & Shoulder flexion & Supination (strong)
  4. Goes from the scapula to the radius (does NOT touch the humerus)
    Connects under pec major and deltoid
156
Q

Brachioradialis:

1. Proximal attachment? 2. Distal attachment? 3. Function? 4. Location?

A
  1. Anterior distal shaft of the humerus
  2. Lateral distal radius
  3. Elbow flexion (strong)
157
Q

Triceps brachii:

1. Proximal attachment? 2. Distal attachment? 3. Function? 4. Location?

A 
1. Long head- inferior to glenoid fossa
Short head - humerus (posterior shaft)
2. Posterior proximal ulna
3. Elbow extension
Shoulder extension (long head)
4. Grabs onto the ulna
*** moves the forearm***
158
Q

How many triceps brachii heads are there?

A

1 long head

2 short heads

159
Q

Which head of the triceps is used for shoulder extension?

A

The long head

160
Q

Name the four muscles moving the hand & wrist

A

Hand & wrist flexors
Hand & wrist extensors
Forearm pronator
Forearm supinator

161
Q

Hand & wrist flexors:

1. Proximal attachment? 2. Distal attachment? 3. Function?

A
  1. Medial epicondyle of the humerus
  2. Carpal & Metacarpals
  3. Hand & wrist flexion
162
Q

Hand & wrist extensors:

1. Proximal attachment? 2. Distal attachment? 3. Function?

A
  1. Lateral epicondyle of the humerus
  2. Carpals & Metacarpals
  3. Hand & wrist extension
163
Q

Forearm Pronator:

1. Proximal attachment? 2. Distal attachment? 3. Function?

A
  1. Medial epicondyle of the humerus
  2. Lateral, proximal radius
  3. Pronation (pulls radius over the ulna)
164
Q

Forearm Supinator:

1. Proximal attachment? 2. Distal attachment? 3. Function?

A
  1. Lateral epicondyle of the humerus
  2. Medial, proximal radius
  3. Supination (pulls radius back to anatomical position)
165
Q

Which muscle in the hand & wrist is used in clenching hand OR grabbing a bar while doing a chin up?

A

The hand & wrist flexors

166
Q

Which muscle is used in opening your hand?

A

Hand & wrist extensors

167
Q

Which muscle pulls the radius over the ulna?

A

Forearm pronator

168
Q

Which muscle pulls the radius back to anatomical position?

A

Forearm supinator

169
Q

Which muscles are used in lateral flexion?

A

Abdomines
Erector spinae
Obliques

170
Q

Elbow sideways push up:

1. Movement? 2. Muscle?

A
  1. Horizontal shoulder abduction

2. Triceps (extending)

171
Q

Elbow forward push up:

1. Movement? 2. Muscle?

A
  1. Extension

2. Biceps brachii

172
Q

Chin up with palms facing you:

1. Movement? 2. Muscle?

A
  1. Elbow flexion & Shoulder extension

2. Pec major & Latissimus dorsi (shoulder)

173
Q

Chin up with palms facing way:

1. Movement?

A

Elbow extension

Abduction

174
Q

Movement in a sit up?

A

Hip flexion
Trunk flexion
Neck flexion

Kin 121 (3 decks)

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