Lectures Flashcards

Question

What is Prochaska's Transtheoretical Model?

Answer 1

- Based on a stage-based, temporal construct called the stages of change, and a group of behavioral change mechanisms called the processes of change - Dominant model in the field - Regarded as the most important theoretical development in the health promotion field of the decade - The application of the stages of change approach to health promotion program is regarded as the most important innovation - States that you progress or relapse through the following stages: 1. PRE-CONTEMPLATION: - Unaware/underaware of problems - Ignorance is bliss - Little/no consideration of change 2. CONTEMPLATION: - Recognize/awareness that a problem exists and is important - Seriously thinking about overcoming the problem - Involves assessment, recognition, analysis of individual strengths and weaknesses 3. PREPARATION - High awareness, willingness to try things - Often includes creating a specific, actionable, and measurable action plan 4. ACTION Modify behavior, experiences, or environment in order to overcome problems 5. MAINTENANCE Working to maintain new skills, consolidate the gains attained during the action stage

Answer 2

1. Awareness 2. Motivation 3. Technique 4. Opportunity 5. Support NOTE: You should try to immediate use/teach others the skill, and practice by doing. This will elevate teh average retention rate.

Answer 3

1. Path to Failure: 1. No action: No work with little consequence 2. Leads to consequence and disappointment 2. Path to Success: 1. Initial actions: Work with little rewards 2. Leads to reward, achievement

Answer 4

- Deliberate means of organizing work to accomplish a goal - A highly communicative and interdependent group of individuals working together to acheive clearly defined goals, with: - Shared sense of purpose - Complementary interests, knowledge, and skills

Answer 5

Forming ⇒ Storming ⇒ Norming ⇒ Performing

Answer 6

Dependency ⇒ Conflict ⇒ Cohesion ⇒ Interdependence

Answer 7

Orientation ⇒ Organization ⇒ Data Flow ⇒ Problem Solving

Answer 8

1. Clear, achievable goals (44%) 2. Shared commitment (40.9%) 3. Clarity of roles and responsibilities (39.1%)

Answer 9

“Psychological safety is not the same as a safe space. It is not the same as a trigger-free space. It is not a space where you will always feel comfortable and not have your views challenged. It is almost the opposite.”

Answer 10

Yes. It is an environment in which people do not feel they have to hold back with a concern or question for fear of recrimination or humiliation.

Answer 11

It describes a team climate characterized by interpersonal trust and mutual respect, in which people are comfortable being themselves

Answer 12

- Cognitive diversity - Psychological safety - Shared positive behaviors and emotions (GENERATIVE behaviors)

Answer 13

- We need to be more curious, inquiring, experimental, and nurturing. - We need to stop being hierarchical, directive, controlling, and conforming. - It is not just the presence of positive behaviors in the Generative quadrant that count, it is the absence of negative behaviors

Answer 14

HOW we communicate could be much more important than WHAT we communicate

Answer 15

ENERGY: How team members contribute to a team as a whole ENGAGEMENT: How team members communicate with one another EXPLORATION: How teams communicate with one another

Answer 16

- What is our purpose and our goals? - How are we going to work together? - How will we treat one another? - How will we make decisions? FOCUS!!

Answer 17

To establish guidelines, a code of conduct that tells what the acceptable and unacceptable behaviors are within a team. To provide an unique vision and expression of the team.

Answer 18

The GROUP NORMS, that will be followed throughout the duration of the team's existence

Answer 19

- Statement of 15 words or less, targeted towards a market / company, that positions an individual to create strong market demand - Consists of developing a narrative

Answer 20

- Have a headshot that projects professionalism - Make sure your name is searchable - Add your name pronunciation - Customize your URL - Add a background that complements your “Professional Story” - Add a headline that adds to your brand

Answer 21

- Position Yourself (Business Analytics/Data Science Professional) - Frame your Previous Work Experience in the Audience’s Language - Reference Previous Specific Experience: Industry/Type/Results - Global Experience / Mindset - Multi-Cultural, Cross-Functional Team Experience - Key Technical Skills / Abilities - Passion / Drive for an Area - Multilinguism - Awards / Accomplishments

Answer 22

- Reaching out to build friendships, connect, partner and learn in mutually beneficial ways - Start local - Always add a personal message - Always project 100% professionalism - Always maintain an “Audience Focus”: Build connections, commonalities, and mutual value

Answer 23

To create a greater awareness of your communication and leadership style, to: - Enhance self-awareness - Improve your relationships - Decrease stress - Build efficiency - Gain influence and impact - Boost team performance - Enhance leadership potential

Answer 24

Psychoanalytic School: Freud, Jung (1890s - 1950s) - Focus: Treating distress, unconscious mind, unconscious conflict, pathology (causes), interpretation, clinical observations Behavioral School: Skinner, Watson (1950s - Today) - Focus: Empirical, with behavior being explained by environmental causes rather than internal forces; looks into conditioning and pathology (causes) Humanist School: Rogers, Maslow (1950s - Today) - Focus: Whole person, personal growth, identity and meaning; looks to needs and motivations, interaction; concern for positive growth, rather than pathology - The SDI takes a humanistic orientation and sees that there is no “best” or “better” style - Rather, the SDI looks at “preferred” styles, vs. who you are, and how you always behave - There is belief that we can adapt our behaviors and act outside our “preferred” patterns of behavior - Thus, the SDI becomes an instrument FOR, not about people

Answer 25

- Needs (motivation) drives behavior - Personal weaknesses are simply strengths that are overdone - We have two "styles", productive and conflict - We view others' behaviors through our set of filters

Answer 26

Our Motivational Value System

Answer 27

It helps you “speak their language” better → Enhance interaction effectiveness!

Answer 28

- Concern for Protection, Growth, Welfare of Others - Characteristics: - Being helpful, trusting and loyal - Being open/responsive to the needs of others - Seeking ways to bring help to others - Trying to make life easier for others - Trying to avoid being a burden to others - Ensuring others reach their potential - Ensuring others are valued - Defending the rights of others

Answer 29

- Concern for Task Accomplishment; Concern for Time, Money, and Any Other Resources to Achieve Desired Results - Characteristics: - Being assertive, competitive, action-focused - Competing for authority, responsibility and positions of leadership - Exercising persuasion - Being alert to opportunity - Claiming the right to earned rewards - Accepting challenges - Accepting risk-taking as necessary/desirable - Demonstrating competitiveness

Answer 30

- Concern for Assurance That Things Have Been Properly Thought Out; Concern for Meaningful Order Being Established and Maintained Individualism, Self-Reliance & Self-Dependence - Characteristics: - Being analytical and cautious - Being objective, fair and principled - Being right - Being in control of emotions - Being practical - Being serious and thorough - Being their own “judge and jury” - Being their “own person” - Thinking things through before acting

Answer 31

- Concern for Flexibility; Concern for the Welfare of the Group; Concern for the Members of the Group and for Belonging in the Group - Characteristics: - Being flexible and look to options - Being curious about what others think and feel, open minded and willing to adapt - Experiments with different ways of acting - Proud to be a “member” - Likes to know a lot of people - Likes to be known by a lot of people - Changeable

Answer 32

- Concern for the Protection, Growth and Welfare of Others Through Task Accomplishment and Leadership - Characteristics: - Actively seeking opportunities to help others - Persuading others to ensure maximum growth and development of others - Being open to proposals for creating welfare and security for others - Creating enthusiasm and support in tackling obstacles to success

Answer 33

- Concern for Intelligent Assertiveness, Justice, Leadership, Order, and Fairness in Competition - Characteristics: - Providing rational leadership that can assess risks and opportunities - Being decisive and proactive when all the facts are in - Challenging opposition through thoughtful process and strategy

Answer 34

- Concern for Affirming and Developing Self-Sufficiency in Self and Others, Concern for Thoughtful Helpfulness with Regard for Justice - Characteristics: - Building effective processes and resources to protect or enhance welfare of others - Offering assistance for greater self-sufficiency and independence - Supporting activities that lead to growth - Fighting for principles that are fair

Answer 35

Yours is based on INTERNAL MOTVATION → Intentions → Behaviors ⇒ what you are trying to do Others is based on EXTERNAL BEHAVIOR → Intentions → Motivation ⇒ what they are seeing you do

Answer 36

Conflict Stage 1 - Focus: Self, Problem and Other - Blue: Accommodating to the needs of others - Red: Rising to the challenge being offered - Green: Being prudently cautious Conflict Stage 2 - Focus: Self, Problem - Blue: Giving in and letting the opposition have its way - Red: Having to fight off the opposition - Green: Trying to escape from the opposition Conflict Stage 3 - Focus: Self - Blue: Having been completely defeated - Red: Having to fight for one’s life - Green: Having to retreat completely

Answer 37

Conflict Stage 1 - Focus: Self, Problem and Other - Blue: Accommodating others - Red: Rising to the challenge - Green: Being prudently cautious Conflict Stage 2 - Focus: Self, Problem - Blue: Surrender conditionally - Red: Fight to win - Green: Pull back and analyze Conflict Stage 3 - Focus: Self - Blue: Surrender completely - Red: Fight for survival - Green: Withdrawal

Answer 38

- To prepare focused and successful presentations, more quickly, more effectively, and with less anxiety - To further improve your ability to connect with your audience - Ratchet up the impact - Enhance “game day” flexibility - To further enhance overall leadership and interpersonal effectiveness

Answer 39

- 33 million business presentations are delivered every day - Presentations are one of the top five corporate training topics - Presentations are key to promotions and career success - As per Granville Toogood (”The New Articulate Executive”): - “All of us, like it or not, will eventually see our reputation, careers, and even our social lives determined by some significant degree by how well we speak.” - “Are we forgettable, or do people remember us and act on what we say?” - “In the big picture, we are talking about leadership (leaders lead with their words)”

Answer 40

- Boils down to the ability to… - Project mature self-confidence - Project a sense that you can take control of difficult, unpredictable situations - Make tough decisions in a timely way - Hold your own with other talented and strong-willed members of the executive team

Answer 41

- CONNECTION/CHARISMA: Ability to positively engage others and make them feel comfortable - AWARENESS AND COMPOSURE: Ability to control your emotions even under stress, to project emotional calmness and restraint, and exhibit strong EQ - SOCIAL PRESENCE: Projecting confidence, professionalism, and energy in how you look and act with supportive interpersonal behaviors - CREDIBILITY: Development of strong source and derived credibility; having strong image, character, and referent power - DECISION-MAKING: Poised under pressure; assertiveness and directness, while working through differences constructively - SUBSTANCE: Knowing your stuff cold, being prepared and having strong practical wisdom - COMMUNICATION: Commitment to a strong audience focus, relevant clear and concise; sepaking up articulately, communicating with passion and energy

Answer 42

- People want a STORY - LESS is more - People BUY FROM PEOPLE (not PowerPoints)

Answer 43

- MULTIPLIER IMPACT: Enhances attention and retention - AVOIDS DATA SMOG: It is more memorable than data - SENSE MAKING: Creates shared meaning/experiences - Powerful directive for future human behavior - Storytelling is an ability that anyone can develop

Answer 44

1. START STRONG WITH A PUNCH - Gain attention and interest, using a punch / attention getter - Project confidence through professional presence - Avoid weak connections, eg. “Let’s start”, “My name is” - Reduce anxiety 2. PRESENT ONE THEME 3. PROVIDE GOOD EXAMPLES 4. USE CONVERSATIONAL LANGUAGE 5. PROVIDE A STRONG ENDING

Answer 45

1. STRONG PUNCH 2. REASON TO LISTEN: Provide "news" and audience focus. Why is this presentation important to them? 3. DERIVED CREDIBILITY: Why listen to you? What is your background, methodology, research? 4. PREVIEW: Provide the content roadmap, the rules of the road.

Answer 46

- Summarize: This enhances retention - Clarify Next Steps: Provides a call for action - Project Confidence: Impression Management - Stay Focused, even after the speech

Answer 47

- Perfect English - Accent-Free Articulation - Perfect Delivery: (A) An occasional pause to collect your thoughts, a pronunciation error, or other minor slip, will not even be noticed by an audiences (B) The audience focuses on, and mainly cares about, the message - Lack of Nervousness: If it is important, all speakers are nervous - Coverage of Everything you know about the topic: Be focused

Answer 48

- Authenticity: Audiences connect with what is REAL, not perfect - Clear Core Message: Focus is key! - Audience-Centered, targeted presentation - Clear Organization and Internal Structure, with Transitions - Specific Final Conclusion, recommendation, or next step - Vividness - Engagement with the audience: Eye contact!

Answer 49

CLARITY: Enunciation - Do people say you mumble or speak too fast? - Do you speak softly? - Do people as you to repeat? - Do people seem to ignore you, and/or your ideas, after you speak? STRUCTURE: Articulation - Do people interrupt you to ask clarifying questions? - Does your audience drift away and begin side conversations? - Do people understand your words, but remain confused at the overall idea? - Are your statements less engaging to the audience?

Answer 50

Build muscle memory!

Answer 51

1. OPEN YOUR MOUTH 2. SLOW DOWN 3. SPEAK UP (Project)

Answer 52

“Individual level of fear or anxiety associated with either real or anticipated communication with another person or persons". It is measured using the PRCA (Personal Report of Communication Apprehension).

Answer 53

ENHANCED AWARENESS.

Answer 54

No, they are state-dependent, and can effectively be managed

Answer 55

- Understanding ⇒ First step - Breathe, to control physiological aspects - Preparation is key ⇒ Know your material and your audience - Leverage Structure - Nail the Introduction - Visualize your success - Be Yourself, and avoid sabotage - Practice Success - Learn From Other Fields (eg. Biathlon)

Answer 56

Be VIVID, CLEAR, and FOCUSED

Answer 57

YES! The non-cognitive aspects are the aggregate capacity of individuals to: - Act purposefully - Think rationally - Deal effectively with their enviornment

Answer 58

- OSS in WW2 - AT&T Assessment Centers

Answer 59

EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE FACTORS, rather than cognitive abilities

Answer 60

- Listening is a complex process of that it is performed cognitively, but perceived behaviorally ⇒ and cognitions and behaviors are not always congruent - Listening is the most used communication process - Listening is one of the most serious communication problems for employees, managers, and executives - Listening is the foundation of many derailers

Answer 61

1. Attending 2. Understanding 3. Remembering 4. Analyzing 5. Responding

Answer 62

- Dry/Boring speakers - No main point/message - No connection/caring/emotion - Different views/perspectives - Data dump/data smog - External noise - Disorganized/poor structure - Not verbally clear/mumble - Not credible/reliable - Weak/distracting delivery - Unclear language/terminology - Speaker multi-tasking - Speakers not adapting to situation - Too fast/speed of words

Answer 63

"Nunchi" translates to 'eye-measure' in Korean It is the ability to read a room, to understand and sense the overall situation, context and atmosphere It is a heightened sense of emotional intelligence and social awareness It is about being plugged into others in your environment It is applicable to just about every social setting

Answer 64

It translates to 'reading the air' in Japanese, synonymous to the English 'reading between the lines' It is one of the most significant and fundamental aspects of Japanese communication culture Requires you to be situationally aware and attentive, to not only your thoughts and feelings, but to those around you, without needing to express them aloud

Answer 65

1. Use your eyes and ears to listen 1. Maintain eye contact with the speaker 2. Control your emotions 1. Take the occasional deep breath 2. Ask objective questions 3. Respect another person’s option 4. Try to understand the reasons behind a particular position 3. Be a total listener 1. Give the person who’s speaking your complete attention 2. Be “in the moment” 4. Listen to understand, not to respond 1. If you are waiting to argue or respond, you are not really listening 2. Always seek to understand first, to be able to ask and probe and integrate ideas

Answer 66

Pathos Logos Ethos

Answer 67

Pathos, or the appeal to emotions, refers to the effort to persuade your audience by making an appeal to their feelings. Your audience is more receptive to being persuaded by someone with whom they can identify. Pathos can be promoted by using simple & meaningful language, emotional tone of voice (oral or written), pauses and emotional metaphors or stories.

Answer 68

Logos, or the appeal to logic, refers to the effort to convince your audience by using logic and reason. Effective arguments should include testimonials, surveys and other supporting details to back up your claims/positions. Logos means to document your point through storytelling, logical arguments, facts, recorded evidence, historical data and literal analogies. When using logos to persuade, you need to ensure that you have found facts, stories and information that ‘matter’ to your audience and that you will present them in a way that makes sense (to them).

Answer 69

Ethos, or the appeal to ethics, refers to the effort to convince your audience of your credibility or character. Before you can convince an audience to accept anything you say, they have to accept you. Ethos can be promoted by choosing appropriate language & vocabulary (dependent on the audience and topic), by making yourself look honest, by paying attention to your movements and the way you dress (for your digital presence pay attention to design details, functionality, content, etc.) and by documenting on the areas of your expertise. ** TRUST **