Lectures 9-13 Flashcards
(95 cards)
1
Q
Gilt? Barrow? Sow? Boar? Weaner? Piglet? Shoat? Fat hog/finisher? Feeder pig?
A
Gilt- female that has not farrowed Barrow- castrated male Sow- female that has farrowed Boar- intact male Weaner- piglet that has been weaned Piglet- babies not yet weaned Shoat- little bit older than a weaner Fat hog/finisher- ready for market Feeder pig- older than shoat, getting ready for market
2
Q
All in/all out?
A
Animals all come in at once and all leave at once
Done for disease control- not mixing ages of pigs/keeping same ages together
Able to deep clean barn/environment after pigs leave
3
Q
Depop/repop?
A
Getting of population due to disease or other reason and repopulating
4
Q
PRDC?
A
Porcine resp disease complex
“Shipping fever”
5
Q
Feedback
A
System used to do all inoculations on farm- take pathogenic material on farm and expose everyone at same time
Useful for rotavirus, TGE, etc
6
Q
What is one of the most important things in pig raising
A
Biosecurity
7
Q
Non productive sow day
A
When sows are not gestating or lactating= 3 to 7 days
8
Q
PEDV
A
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus
Used to be foreign animal disease but now in US
9
Q
Batch farrowing
A
Spread out farrowing at intervals
10
Q
SEW?
MEW?
MMEW?
A
Segregated early weaning
Medicated early weaning
Modified medicated early weaning
11
Q
2 and 3 site production
A
Different sites- sows and weaned pigs
Or
Sows, weaned pigs, and finisher pigs
12
Q
SPF?
A
Specific pathogen free
Primary= c section derived
Secondary= born from primary pigs
13
Q
Types of pig operations
A
Farrow to finish Feeder pig producer Feeder pig finisher Pure bred producer Breeding/genetic companies Specialty/ niche market (show pigs, roasters, etc)
14
Q
Which pigs are used as maternal line
A
White pigs- yorkshire, landrace, chester white
Have more teats
15
Q
Which pigs are used as paternal line
A
“Terminal line”
Colored/dark
Duroc, berkshirem hampshire, spot, poland china
16
Q
What is used as heat check boar
A
Meishan- because smaller
17
Q
Terminal cross?
A
Offspring is supposed to be ideal market pig
18
Q
Maternal cross
A
Offspring is supposed to be best mom
19
Q
Do you want heterosis?
A
Yes!
20
Q
Use of abx in swine herd
A
Can be used for
Prevention, treatment, and control (treat disease or to prevent major outbreak)
NOT for gain/feed efficiency
21
Q
Can you use extra label drug use for feed grade abx
A
NOOOOOOO not at all. very serious
22
Q
Characteristics for abx
A
Water soluble
Palatable
Check residues/ compatibility
Is it cost effective?
23
Q
Things to think about before treating animal with abx
A
Cost of drug vs cost of animal Withdrawal time Ease of administration Is animal marketable after administration? Is treatment legal? Vet/client relationship
24
Q
Biosecurity boils down to:
A
Exclusion
Segregation
Dedication
25
Acceptable euthanasia under any conditions
Carbon dioxide
Captive bolt
Anesthetic overdose
26
Acceptable euthanasia under certain conditions
Gunshot
Electrocution
Blunt force trauma
+/- followed by exsanguination
27
Advantages of all in/all out
Increase feed efficiency and ADG by 8-25%
Decrease death
Increase use of facility
Ease of management
28
Birth weight of pigs
3-3.5 lbs
29
Weight at weaning
21 days- 12 lbs
| 28 days- 17 lbs
30
Market weight
230-280 lbs
31
Weight at 8 weeks
40 lbs
32
Age at market weight
6 months
33
On farm with sick, options for rescue?
Abx (water, feed, parenteral)
Antiserums
Euthanasia
Other
34
How to prevent disease
```
Sanitation
Vaccination
Abx
Management
Genetics
Biosecurity
Other
```
35
What to do with pigs 1-3 days
Give iron! We’re asking them to grow as hard as they can for 6 months and they are born borderline iron deficient
Keep warm and dry
Take care of navel
+/- tail, ear notch, abx, coccidiostats, antiserum, needle teeth
Castration
36
Drugs labelled for pain relief in pigs
None :(
Only two anti-inflammatories
37
What to do at day 7
```
Castrate if not already
Gilt/boar selection
Underline screening for gilts
Creep feed
+/- vx (immune system is totally ready to respond to vaccines but may need to start vx if high risk; bordetella, pasturella, erysipelas, circovirus
```
38
What to do at 14-28 days
Iron
Vaccinate (?)- mycoplasma, PRRS, circovirus, erysipelas
Parasite control
Wean/split weaning
39
What to do at 6-8 weeks
Vaccination
Site specific factors
Management factors
40
Prebreeding gilts
Selection at 180 pounds
Flush feed and boar exposure to induce puberty
Parasite control
Vaccinate- parvo, lepto, erysipelas
41
Prebreeding sows
Vaccinate- parvo, lepto, erysipelas, SIV, PRRSV
Parasites
Biosecurity/ herd immunity
42
Gilts/sows prefarrowing
Colostrum management
Vaccinate- e coli, TGE, rotavirus, mycoplasma, clostridium perfringens
Need two 2 doses
Parasites
43
Disease=
(Dose x virulence) / resistance
44
Case history of enteric diseases
Morbidity/mortality
Age at onset
Duration of signs
Body condition after cessation of diarrhea
45
Clinical exam of enteric diseases
Consistency, color, odor, volume
PH
Body temp- not usually helpful
Dehydration
46
What type of necropsy specimen do you want
Untreated
Clinical signs less than one day
Several animals
47
Colibacillosis
Aka: white scours, wet tail scours, ETEC
Incidence is everywhere
Up to 100% of litters- dirty herds, low temp, low colostrum
Clin signs- profuse yellow/white watery diarrhea 12-24 hours after birth; thickened small intestine on necropsy
48
Colibacillosis pathogenesis
Ecoli attach and secrete toxin in fluid of SI
49
Colibacillosis diagnosis
```
History
Culture pillus antigen
PCR
Histopath
Response to treatment
Impression smear
```
50
Colicbacillosis treatment and prevention
Abx
Fluids
Probiotics
Prevention: clean, dry environment; vaccinate sow
51
TGE
Coronavirus
Two versions- epizootic (classic outbreaks in late fall, winter, and spring); enzootic (year round)
Affects all ages unlike colibaccilosis which affects babies
52
TGE clin signs
Epizootic- profuse watery diarrhea, milk curds, vomiting
| Enzootic- signs variable but usually in weaned pigs
53
TGE pathogenesis
Villi is damaged resulting in malabsorption, diarrhea, dehydration
Takes 7-10 days for enterocytes to recover
**necropsy will show thin S.I unlike E coli
54
TGE tx and prevention
```
Fluids/ supportive care
Prayer
Abx for secondary infections
Wean earlier
Increase temp of sow
```
Prevention- feedback program, vx, quaratine and test new animals
55
PEDV
```
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus
Coronavirus
All ages effected
Looks like epizootic form of TGE
Destroy villi and enterocytes, thin SI
```
56
Coccidosis
Isospora suis
| Sow isn’t the source, its the crate
57
Coccidiosis clinical signs
Must be at least 4-5 days old
Gaunt and rough hair coat
Pasty diarrhea
Stunted/runts
58
Necropsy coccidiosis
Thickened and turgid intestine
59
Diagnosis of coccidiosis
Age!
| No response to treatment for E coli
60
Treatment for coccidiosis
All extra label
61
Control for coccidiosis
```
Hygiene
Heat treatment
Quaternary ammonia compounds
Lime treatment of pens
Chlorox
```
62
Clostridial enteritis
Less than 7 to 14 days of age
| Hemorrhagic diarrhea!
63
First sign of clostridial enteritis
Dead piglets
64
Necropsy clostridial enteritis
Blood in intestine
65
Tx of clostridial enteritis
Abx- gram positive
| Antitoxin
66
Clostridium control
Vaccination
Antitoxin
Hygiene
Feed abx to lactating sows on label (bacitracin)
67
Rotavirus
Diarrhea- mild
Usually 7-14 days old
Doesn’t damage villi as much as PEDv adn TGE
Thin intestines
68
Diseases of weaned pig
```
21-28 days
Colibacillosis
Edema disease
Rotavirus
Endemic TGE
```
69
Diseases of piglets
```
Colibacillosis (1-3 days old)
TGE
PEDv (all ages)
Coccidiosis (5 days old at least)
Clostridium (7-14 days old)
Rotavirus (7-14 days old)
```
70
What should you do when weaning pigs
Offer creep feeding
Age grouping
Don’t change food from creep feeding to post-weaning
71
Colibacillosis- weaned pigs
Causes post weaning disase or edema disease
Loss of lactogenic immunity, high stomach pH allows e coli overgrowth
No villus damage
72
Edema disease
Good doing pigs suddenly die
Edema of gut, eyelids, nervous signs
Within 10 days of weaning
73
Enteric diseases of growing/ finishing pigs
Salmonella
Swine dysentery
PIA
Gastric ulcers
74
Salmonella
Enteritis or septicemia
S. Cholerasuis
Primary disease of grow/finish pigs
Septicemia- fever, anorexia, cyanosis, diarrhea
Enteric form- fever, dehydration, decreased body condition, fast spreading diarrhea, enlarged mesenteric lymph nodes, ulcers, rectal strictures
75
Swine dysentery
```
Brachyspira hyodysenteria
Mucohemorrhagic colitis
Carrier pigs are main source of transmission
Attacks goblet cells (mucus)
Poor bcs, colitis
```
76
Swine dysentery tx
Abx
| Depop/repop because it sheds for so long
77
PIA
```
Porcine intestinal adenomatosis complex
Ileitis
Lawsonia intracellularis
Seen in high health herds
Thickened corrugated cardboard garden hose ileum
```
78
Gastric ulcers
Seen a lot
| Any pig not eating is at risk
79
PRDC
Porcine resp disease complex
Shipping fever
Pneumonia nursery through finisher
Multifactorial- infectious, environmental, management, comingling
80
Age of PRDC
Usually “18 week wall”
81
Mycoplasma pneumonia
Enzootic pneumonia
| Get sick but DONT die; cough, ADR, poor fcr
82
What does mycoplasma affect
Mucocilliary apparatus
83
Influenza A
Resp tract infection
Aerosol, fomites
Normal flu
Clin signs- explosive outbreaks of coughing (100% morbidity)
Purple red pneumonic lesions, mucus and exudate in airways
84
APP
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae
Contagious resp disease associated with pleurisy, infarcts
Requires nose to nose contact- very fragile organism
85
Clin signs of APP
Acute: fever, anorexia, dyspnea, death, cyanosis, bloody nose
Subacute: same as above but milder, lower mortality, decreased performance
Chronic: same as above but don’t die, can cause abortions
86
PRRS
Porcine repro and resp syndrome
| Abortions, premature birth, mummies, stillborns, weak piglets, resp syndrome
87
How is PRRS transmitted
Aerosol, semen
88
PRRS path findings
No gross lesions
| Diagnose with clinical signs, history, serology
89
Pasturella multocida
Secondary infection always
90
Atrophic rhinitis
Seen where air quality is poor, overcrowsing
Coinfection of bordetella and pasturella multocida
Post mortem analysis of snout- butterfly thing
91
Haemophilus parasuis
Aka glassers disease
Multisystemic
Meningitis, polyarthritis, polyserositis
Basically everything is inflammed
92
Strep suis
Everywhere that there are pigs
Dyspnea, ever, anorexia, lethargy, hunched posture, CNS signs, death
Colonizes tonsils and phagocytized by monocytes
93
Actinobacillus suis
Same as other suis-cides
94
Erysipelas
Sudden death, skin lesions, arthritis, endocarditis, abortion
Vaccinate!
Most common form is chronic form- arthritis and endocarditis
Skin lesions show up on acute form
95
Porcine circovirus II
Post weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome
5+ wks old, wasting, dyspnea, enlarged lymph nodes, poor bcs
Necrosis of the skin- NOT diamond shaped and mainly on ventrum- porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome
