LEDC urbanisation

Question 1

When was the peak of urbanisation for LEDCs?

Answer 1

Second half of 20th century there was rural urban migration for work. Increase in birth rate caused the younger generation to move.

Question 2

Characteristics of squatter settlements?

Answer 2

High population density
Buildings made out of bad material
Lack of facilities (water / sewerage / electricity)
Built on marginal land outside city

Question 3

Problems with Kibera?

Answer 3

Pollution - smell and litter
Congestion - 900,000 one third pop. nairobi
Lack of jobs - drugs and prostitution 
Disease/famine - brown stream and AIDs
Lack of amentities - flying toilets, etc

Question 4

How are problems in squatter settlements resolved?

Answer 4

Self - help + site and service

Question 5

What is site and service?

Answer 5

Land is divided into individual plots and water, sanitation, electricity and roads are supplied before building development

Question 6

Solutions to Kibera?

Answer 6

Charities provided good, cheap housing and healthcare
UN habitat (15 year plan) aimed to rehouse
Two main water pipes installed
Kibera Slum Foundation improve sanitation
Kibera Police force improve crime rates

Question 7

Effects of rapid urbanisation in LEDCs (4)

Answer 7

Industrial contamination - e.g. Bhopal, India 1984
Ineffective disposal of waste - e.g. Sao Paulo, Brazil
Water Pollution - e.g. Ganges, India
Air pollution