Left Heart Enlargement Flashcards
(22 cards)
What is the definition of Left Atrial Enlargement (LAE)?
Enlargement of the left atrium due to atrial overload.
Atrial overload can occur due to various heart conditions.
List the causes of Left Atrial Enlargement.
- Mitral valve stenosis
- Mitral valve insufficiency
- Aortic stenosis
- Systemic hypertension
These conditions increase the pressure or volume load on the left atrium.
What are the ECG characteristics of Left Atrial Enlargement?
- P wave in Lead II is wide and notched (M shaped), known as P-Mitrale
- P wave in V1 is diphasic with the terminal portion deeper than the proximal portion, 0.04 seconds wide or wider.
These characteristics help in diagnosing LAE through ECG readings.
What is the definition of Left Ventricular Hypertrophy (LVH)?
Enlargement of the left ventricle due to ventricular overload.
This condition often results from long-standing pressure overload.
List the causes of Left Ventricular Hypertrophy.
- Systemic hypertension
- Aortic stenosis/insufficiency
- Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Each cause contributes to increased workload on the left ventricle.
What is the Sokolow-Lyon index for identifying LVH?
Depth of S wave in V1 or V2 plus the height of V5 or V6 > 35 mm or R wave in Lead aVL > 11 mm.
This index is a commonly used criterion in clinical settings.
What are the Cornell Voltage Criteria for LVH?
R wave in aVL + S wave in V3 > 28 mm (men) or 20 mm (women).
This criterion helps differentiate between normal and abnormal LV size.
What does the Romhilt-Estes Point Score System evaluate?
It evaluates voltage criteria, ST abnormalities, left atrial enlargement, left axis deviation, QRS duration, and delayed intrinsicoid deflection.
This scoring system quantifies the likelihood of LVH.
Fill in the blank: The diphasic P wave seen with left atrial enlargement shows a more negative deflection in the _______.
distal portion.
This characteristic is important for ECG interpretation.
If the R wave in Lead aVL measures 14 mm, is LVH identified?
Yes.
This measurement exceeds the threshold for LVH.
What is the most common cause of Left Ventricular Hypertrophy?
Systemic hypertension.
This condition is prevalent and is often linked to lifestyle and genetic factors.
What is Left Atrial Enlargement (LAE)?
Enlargement of the left atrium due to atrial overload.
Common causes include mitral valve stenosis, mitral valve insufficiency, aortic stenosis, and systemic hypertension.
What are the ECG characteristics of Left Atrial Enlargement (LAE)?
- P wave in Lead II is wide and notched (M shaped), known as P-Mitrale.
- P wave in V1 is diphasic with the terminal portion deeper than the proximal portion and 0.04 seconds wide or wider.
What is Left Ventricular Hypertrophy (LVH)?
Enlargement of the left ventricle due to ventricular overload.
Common causes include systemic hypertension, aortic stenosis/insufficiency, and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
What is the Sokolow-Lyon Index for LVH diagnosis?
Depth of S wave in V1 or V2 plus the height of V5 or V6 > 35 mm, or R wave in Lead aVL > 11mm.
What are the Cornell Voltage Criteria for LVH?
R wave in aVL + S wave in V3 > 28mm (men) or 20mm (women).
What is the Romhilt-Estes Point Score System for LVH?
Score system: 5 points diagnostic, 4 points probable.
Voltage Criteria (3 points): R wave or S wave in limb leads ≥ 20mm; S wave in V1 or V2 ≥ 30mm; R wave in V5 or V6 ≥ 30mm.
What ST abnormalities can contribute to the Romhilt-Estes Point Score?
- ST-T vector opposite to QRS without digitalis (3 points)
- ST-T vector opposite to QRS with digitalis (1 point)
- Left atrial enlargement (3 points)
- Left axis deviation (2 points)
- QRS duration ≥ 0.09sec (1 point)
- Delayed intrinsicoid deflection in V5 or V6 (>0.05sec) (1 point)
What indicates a diphasic P wave with LAE?
More negative deflection in the distal portion.
What does an R wave in Lead aVL of 14 mm indicate?
Indicates LVH.
What is the most common cause of LVH?
Systemic hypertension.
Fill in the blank: The P wave in Lead II associated with LAE is known as _______.
P-Mitrale.
