Supraventricular Arrhythmias Flashcards
(26 cards)
What is the rate range for Wandering Atrial Pacemaker (WAP)?
60 – 100 BPM, may vary
WAP can exhibit a range due to multiple pacemaker sites.
What indicates Multifocal Atrial Tachycardia?
HR > 100 bpm
This condition arises from the same underlying mechanisms as WAP.
What is the characteristic of P wave morphology in WAP?
Varied P wave morphologies
At least 3 different P wave morphologies must be present in 10 seconds.
What is the PRI range in WAP?
0.12sec - 0.20sec, variable
PRI may change due to the different pacemaker sites.
What is the QRS duration in WAP?
0.06 - 0.11sec
QRS duration is typically consistent within this range.
What is a characteristic feature of Premature Atrial Contractions (PACs)?
Ectopic atrial foci fires faster than SA node
This results in an interruption of the normal rhythm.
What is the pattern of PACs when they occur in bigeminy?
Every 2nd beat is premature
This pattern indicates a regular rhythm disrupted by PACs.
What is the PRI in Ectopic Atrial Rhythm?
Within normal limits
This indicates that the conduction through the AV node is normal.
What is a defining characteristic of Atrial Fibrillation?
No discernible P waves, only fibrillatory waves
This chaotic firing leads to an irregular ventricular conduction rate.
What is the QRS duration in Atrial Flutter?
0.06 - 0.11sec
Similar to WAP, the QRS duration remains consistent.
What type of wave pattern is seen in Atrial Flutter?
Saw-tooth pattern
This pattern is indicative of a single ectopic atrial foci.
What are the types of P wave morphologies?
- Pointed
- Flat
- Rounded
- Biphasic
- Inverted
These variations depend on the focus origin or atrial enlargement.
What are the differences between Atrial Fibrillation and Atrial Flutter?
- AFib has fibrillation waves
- AFlutter has flutter waves
- AFlutter generally has a more regular RR cadence
These differences are critical for diagnosis.
Fill in the blank: PACs appear in ______ or ______ patterns.
bigeminy; trigeminy
These patterns describe the frequency of premature beats.
What causes differences in P wave morphology?
Ectopic foci site and atrial enlargement
Both factors contribute to the variability in P wave characteristics.
What is the rate range for Wandering Atrial Pacemaker (WAP)?
60 – 100 BPM, may vary
WAP can have varying heart rates.
What are the characteristics of Wandering Atrial Pacemaker (WAP)?
- Multiple pacemaker sites in atrium
- Varied P wave morphologies
- Irregular R-R intervals
- 1 P wave for every QRS
- At least 3 different P wave morphologies in 10 seconds
- PRI: 0.12sec - 0.20sec, variable
- QRS: 0.06 - 0.11sec
- HR > 100 bpm indicates Multifocal Atrial Tachycardia
WAP is characterized by shifting pacemaker sites leading to varied P wave shapes.
What patterns can Premature Atrial Contractions (PACs) occur in?
- Bigeminy: every 2nd beat is premature
- Trigeminy: every 3rd beat is premature
PACs can manifest in regular patterns of premature beats.
What indicates the presence of Ectopic Atrial Rhythm?
Negative P wave morphology in Leads II, III, aVF
Ectopic Atrial Rhythm originates just above the AV junction.
What are the key characteristics of Atrial Fibrillation?
- Chaotic firing of multiple atrial foci
- No discernible P waves, only fibrillatory waves
- Irregular ventricular conduction rate
- Rate variable; ventricular response may be slow or rapid
- Irregular R-R intervals
- PRI not measurable
- QRS: 0.06 - 0.11sec
- Presence of fibrillatory waves
Atrial Fibrillation is characterized by disorganized electrical activity in the atria.
What distinguishes Atrial Flutter from Atrial Fibrillation?
- AFlutter has flutter waves
- AFlutter generally has a more regular RR cadence
Atrial Flutter exhibits a regular rhythm compared to the chaotic nature of Atrial Fibrillation.
What is the morphology of P waves in PACs?
Varied P wave morphology
PACs can have different P wave shapes due to ectopic foci.
What types of P wave morphologies can be observed?
- Pointed
- Flat
- Rounded
- Biphasic
- Inverted
The morphology of P waves can change based on the origin of the electrical impulse.
Is the PRI measurable in Atrial Fibrillation?
No, PRI is not measurable
In Atrial Fibrillation, the chaotic nature prevents a definitive PRI measurement.
