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Neurology - Sem 3 > Leg Anatomy > Flashcards

Leg Anatomy Flashcards

(126 cards)

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1
Q

What are the 2 longitundinal arches of the foot?

A

Medial longitudinal arch

Lateral longitudinal arch

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2
Q

What forms the medial longitudinal arch?

A

Calcaneus

Talus

Navicular

Cuneiforms

1st 3 Metatarsals

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3
Q

What forms the lateral longitudinal arch?

A

Calcaneus

Cuboid

4th & 5th metatarsal bones

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4
Q

What forms the transverse arch of the foot?

A

Metatarsal bases

Cuboid

Cuneiform bones

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5
Q

What is the problem with high arches?

A

High medial longitudinal arch so no ability to absorb shock

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6
Q

What is the problem with flat footed people?

A

Lost longitudinal arch

Normal during infancy

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7
Q

Which nerve supplies the anterior medial leg?

A

Femoral nerve

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8
Q

Which nerve supplies the anterior lateral leg?

A

Common fibular nerve

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9
Q

What supplies the dorsal surface of the foot?

A

Common fibular nerve

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10
Q

What nerve supplies the 5th metatarsal?

A

Tibial nerve

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11
Q

What supplies the anterior lateral skin of the thigh?

A

Lateral cutaenous nerve of thigh

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12
Q

Which nerve supplies the medial thigh?

A

Obturator nerve

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13
Q

What nerve supplies the middle of the thigh?

A

Femoral nerve

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14
Q

Which nerve supplies the posterior heel?

A

Tibial nerve

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15
Q

Which nerve supplies the posterior lateral aspect of the leg?

A

Femoral nerve

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16
Q

Which nerve supplies the medial posterior leg?

A

Common fibular nerve

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17
Q

Which nerve supplies the middle posterior thigh?

A

Posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh

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18
Q

Which nerve supplies the buttocks?

A

Posterior rami (L1-S3)

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19
Q

Which muscles make up the anterior compartment of the leg?

A

Tibialis anterior

Extensor hallucis longus

Extensor digitorum longus

Fibularis tertius

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20
Q

What muscles make up the lateral compartment of the leg?

A

Fibularis brevis

Fibularis longus

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21
Q

What muscles make up the posterior compartment of the leg?

A

Flexor digitorum longus

Tibialis posterior

Plantaris

Gastrocnemius muscle

Soleus

Flexor hallucis longus

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22
Q

What are the 4 septa found in the leg separating compartments?

A

Posterior intermuscular septum of leg

Transverse intermuscular septum

Interosseous membrane

Anterior intermuscular septum of leg

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23
Q

What is the general action of the anterior compartment of the leg?

What nerve innervates it?

A

Dorsiflexion of ankle

Deep fibular nerve - L4, L5

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24
Q

What is the general action of the lateral compartment of the leg?

What nerve innervates this compartment?

A

Eversion of foot

Superficial fibular nerve L5, S1, S2

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25
What is the general action of the Posterior compartment of the leg? What nerve innervates this compartment?
Plantarflexion of the ankle Tibial nerve
26
What is the origin and insertion of Tibialis anterior? What is its action?
Lateral condyle of tibia --- Medial cuneiform Dorsiflexion
27
What is the origin and insertion of Extensor digitorum longus? What is its action?
Lateral condyle of tibia --- Phalanges Dorsiflexion
28
What is the origin and insertion of Extensor hallucis longus? What is its action?
Anterior tibia --- Base of great toe phalanx Dorsiflexion of ankle
29
What is the origin and insertion of Fibularis tertius? What is its action?
Anterior surface of fibula --- Base of 5th metatarsal Dorsiflexion
30
What is the origin and insertion of Fibularis longus? What is its action?
Head of fibula --- Base of 1st metatarsal Plantarflexion
31
What is the origin and insertion of Fibularis brevis? What is its action?
Lateral surface of fibula --- Lateral side of 5th metatarsal Plantarflexion
32
What is the origin and insertion of fibularis longus muscle? What is its action?
Shaft of fibula --- Sole of foot Eversion of foot
33
What is the origin and insertion of Fibularis brevis muscle? What is its action?
Lateral fibula --- Base of 5th metatarsal Eversion
34
What is the origin and insertion of Gastrocnemius? What is its action?
Lateral condyle of femur & Medial condyle--- Calcaneal tendon Plantarflexion
35
What is the origin and insertion of Soleus? What is its action?
Medial tibia --- Calcaneal tendon Plantarflexion
36
What is the origin and insertion of Plantaris? What is its action?
Supracondylar ridge --- Calcaneal tendon Plantarflexion
37
What is the origin and insertion of Popliteus? What is its action?
Lateral condyle of femur --- Posterior surface of tibia Weak flexion of knee
38
What is the origin and insertion of Flexor hallucis longus? What is its action?
Fibula --- Base of phalanx of great toe Flexion of great toe
39
What is the origin and insertion of Flexor digitorum longus? What is its action?
Medial part of posterior tibia --- Base of phalanges Flexion of 4 digits, Plantarflexion of ankle
40
What is the origin and insertion of Tibialis posterior? What is its action?
Posterior surface of tibia --- Navicular, cuneiform, cuboid, base of metatarsals Plantarflexion
41
What nerve supplies Popliteus, Flexor hallucis longus, Flexor digitorum longus, and Tibialis posterior?
Tibial nerve
42
What are the 3 branches of the popliteal artery?
Superior genicular arteries Middle genicular arteries Inferior genicular arteries
43
What does the popliteal artery branch of? Where does the popliteal artery pass through?
Femoral artery Popliteal fossa
44
What artery does the anterior tibial artery arise from? What is the lower branch of the anterior tibial artery?
Popliteal artery Dorsalis pedis artery
45
What does the posterior tibial artery branch from? What is a branch of the posterior tibial artery?
Popliteal artery Fibular artery
46
What 2 arteries supply the sole of the foot?
Medial plantar artery Lateral plantar artery
47
What is the action of the plantar interossei? What is the action of the dorsal interossei?
Adduct Abduct
48
What muscles make up the 1st layer of the sole?
Abductor hallucis Flexor digitorum brevis Abductor digiti minimi
49
What is the origin and insertion of Abductor hallucis? What is its action?
Medial calcaneus --- Proximal 1st phalanx Abduction of 1st digit
50
What is the origin and insertion of flexor digitorum brevis? What is its action?
Medial calcaneus --- Middle phalanges of 4 digits Flexion of 4 digits
51
What is the origin and insertion of Abductor digiti minimi? What is its action?
Medial calcaneus --- Lateral 5th phalanx Abduction and flexion of 5th toe
52
What nerve supplies the layers of the sole?
Plantar nerve (Lateral & Medial)
53
What are the 2 muscles of the 2nd layer of the sole?
Quadratus plantae Lumbricals
54
What is the origin and insertion of Quadratus plantae? What is its action?
Plantar surface of calcaneus --- Tendon of FDL Flexion of lateral 4 digits
55
What is the origin and insertion of the lumbricals? What is its action?
Tendons of FDL --- Medial 4th digits Flexion of phalanges
56
What are the 3 muscles of the 3rd layer of the sole?
Flexor hallucis brevis Adductor halluces Flexor digiti minimi brevis
57
What is the origin and insertion of Flexor hallucis brevis? What is its action?
Plantar cuboid and cuneiform --- 1st digit phalanx Flexion
58
What is the origin and insertion of Adductor Hallucis? What is its action?
Base of metarsals --- Base of proximal phalanx Adduction
59
What is the origin and insertion of Flexor digiti minimi brevis? What is its action?
Base of metatarsal 5 --- proximal phalanx of 5th digit Flexion
60
What are 2 muscles in the 4th layer of the sole?
Plantar interossei Dorsal interssei
61
What is the origin and insertion of the Plantar interossei? What is its action?
Plantar side of medial metatarsals --- Medial side of base of phalanges Adduction & Flexion of MTP joints
62
What is the origin and insertion of dorsal interossei? What is its action?
Sides of shaft of metatarsals --- Proximal phalanx Abduction of digits & Flexion of MTP joints
63
What are the 2 muscles of the dorsum of the foot?
Extensor digitorum brevis Extensor hallucis brevis
64
What is the origin and insertion of Extensor digitorum brevis? What is its action? What nerve supplies it?
Calcaneus --- Extensor tendons of medial digits Extension Deep fibular nerve
65
What is the origin and insertion of Extensor hallucis brevis? What is its action? What nerve innervates it?
Calcaneus --- Base of phalanx of big toe extension Deep fibular nerve
66
Which main artery supplies the branches for the foot?
Anterior tibial artery
67
Which veins drain the foot? Which main vein drains the foot?
Dorsal venous network Great saphenous vein
68
What are the compartments of the thigh muscles?
Anterior compartment Medial compartment Posterior compartment
69
What is the action of the muscles of the anterior compartment of the thigh?
Flexion of the thigh
70
What is the action of the medial muscles of the thigh?
Adduction of the thigh
71
What is the action of the posterior muscles of the thigh?
Extension of the thigh Lateral rotation of the thigh
72
What nerve supplies the anterior compartment of the thigh?
Femoral nerve
73
What nerve supplies the medial compartment of the thigh? Which muscle is not supplied by this nerve?
Obturator nerve Hamstring part of Adductor magnus - Tibial nerve
74
Which nerve supplies the posterior thigh muscles? What nerve supplies the short head of biceps femoris?
Tibial nerve except short head of biceps femoris Common fibular nerve
75
What is the origin and insertion of Pectineus? What is its action?
Pubis --- Femur Flexion of thigh
76
What is the origin and insertion of Illipsoas? What is its action?
Iliac crest, T12-L5 vertebrae --- Femur, Pectineal line Flexion of thigh
77
What 3 muscles make up iliopsoas?
Iliacus Psoas major Psoas minor
78
What is the origin and insertion of Sartorius? What is its action?
ASIS --- Medial tibia Flexion of thigh
79
What is the origin and insertion of Quadriceps femoris? What is its action?
anterior and sides of femur --- Quadriceps tendon Flexion of thigh
80
What 4 muscles make up Quadriceps femoris?
Rectus femoris Vastus lateralis Vastus intermedius Vastus medialis
81
What goes through the adductor hiatus? Where do they travel to?
Femoral artery Femoral vein Popliteal fossa?
82
What is the origin and insertion of Adductor longus? What is its action?
Pubis --- Linea aspera Adduction
83
What is the origin and insertion of Adductor brevis? What is its action?
Pubis --- Pectineal line Adduction of thigh
84
What is the origin and insertion of Adductor magnus (Adductor & Hamstring) What is its action?
Pubis & Ischial tuberosity --- Gluteal tuberosity & Adductor tubercle of femur Adduction of thigh
85
What is the origin and insertion of Gracilis? What is its action?
Pubis --- Medial tibia Adduction of thigh
86
What is the origin and insertion of Obturator internus? What is its action?
Margin of obturator foramen --- Trochanteris fossa of femur Lateral rotation & Stabilise head of femur
87
What are the boundaries of the femoral triangle?
Inguinal ligament Lateral border of adductor longus Sartorius Iliopsoas Fascia lata
88
What does the femoral triangle contain?
Femoral nerve Femoral artery Femoral vein Deep inguinal lymph nodes
89
What are the origins of the femoral nerve?
L2 - L4
90
Where does the femoral artery branch from?
External iliac artery
91
Where does the femoral vein drain into? What is it a continuation of?
External iliac vein Popliteal vein
92
What are the 3 superficial muscles of the gluteal region?
Gluteus maximus Gluteus medius Gluteus minimus
93
What nerve supplies the Gluteus maximus? What nerve supplies Gluteus minimus, and medius?
inferior gluteal nerve Superior gluteal nerve
94
What is the origin and insertion of Gluteus maximus? What is its action?
Sacrum & Coccyx --- gluteal tuberosity of femur Extension of thigh
95
What is the origin and insertion of Gluteus medius? What is its action?
Ilium --- Greater trochanter of femur Abduction of thigh
96
What is the origin and insertion of Gluteus minimus? What is its action?
Ilium --- Greater trochanter of femur Abduction of thigh
97
What are the 5 deep gluteal muscles?
Piriformis Obturator internus Superior gemelli Inferior gemelli Quadratus femoris
98
What is the action of the deep gluteal muscles?
Lateral rotation of thigh
99
What is the origin and insertion of Piriformis? What nerve innervates it?
Sacrum --- Greater trochanter Nerve to piriformis
100
What is the origin and insertion of Obturator internus? What nerve innervates it?
Obturator membrane --- Greater trochanter Nerve to obturator internus
101
What is the origin and insertion of Superior Gemelli & Inferior Gemelli? What nerve innervates them?
Ischial spine --- Greater trochanter Nerve to obturator internus & Nerve to quadratus femoris
102
What is the origin and insertion of Quadratus femoris? What nerve innervates it?
Ischial tuberosity --- Intertrochanteric crest Nerve to quadratus femoris
103
What are the 3 posterior thigh muscles?
Semitendinosus Semimembranosus Biceps femoris
104
What is the origin and insertion of Semitendinosus? What is its action?
Ischial tuberosity --- Superior tibia Extension of thigh
105
What is the origin and insertion of Semimembranosus? What is its action?
Ischial tuberosity --- Medial condyle of tibia Extension of thigh
106
What is the origin and insertion of Biceps femoris? What is its action?
Ischial tuberosity & Linea aspera --- Lateral head of fibula Extension of thigh
107
Which arteries supply the gluteal region?
Superior gluteal artery Inferior gluteal artery
108
Which 2 veins drain the gluteal region?
Superior gluteal vein Inferior gluteal vein
109
What are the boundaries of the popliteal fossa?
Biceps femoris Semimembranosus Medial heads of gastrocnemius
110
What are the contents of the popliteal fossa?
Small saphenous vein Popliteal arteries Tibial and common fibular nerves Popliteal lymph nodes
111
What is the joint between the femur and patella? What is the joint between the tibia and fibula?
Femoropatellar joint Tibiofibular joint
112
What do the metatarsophalangeal joints join? What do the interphalangeal joints join?
Metatarsals to phalanges Phalanges
113
What artery supplies the head of the femur?
Artery to head of femur
114
What is the function of the iliofemoral ligament? What is the function of the pubofemoral ligament?
Prevent hyperextension of the hip joint Prevents overabduction of the hip joint
115
What are the 5 extracapsular ligaments of the knee joint?
Patellar ligament Fibular collateral ligament Tibial collateral ligament Oblique popliteal ligament Arcuate popliteal ligament
116
What are the 2 intercapsular ligaments of the knee?
Anterior cruciate ligament Posterior cruciate ligament
117
What is the function of the ACL?
Limits posterior displacement of femur on tibia Hyperextension of knee joint
118
What is the function of the PCL?
Prevents anterior displacement of the femur on the tibia Hyperflexion of the knee joint
119
What is the function of the menisci of the knee joint?
Shock absorption
120
What are the 6 knee bursae?
Suprapatellar Popliteus Anserine Gastrocnemius Semimembranosus Infrapatellar
121
What 5 arteries supply the knee joint?
Superior lateral genicular artery Inferior lateral genicular artery Middle genicular artery Inferior medial genicular artery Superior medial genicular artery
122
What are the different ligaments attaching the talus to fibula?
Anterior talofibular ligament Posterior talofibular ligament
123
What attaches calcaneus to the fibula?
Calcaneofibular ligament
124
What is the medial ligament of the ankle?
stabilises the ankle joint during eversion and prevents dislocation of the joint
125
126
What are eversion and inversion?
Eversion - movement of the sole laterally Inversion - movement of the sole medially

Neurology - Sem 3 (15 decks)

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