Leg and Ankle

Question 1

what is the soleal line

Answer 1

descends from lateral to medial side of distal tibia

Question 2

what is the bony pertaberence on the medial side of the distal tibia

Answer 2

medial malleolus

Question 3

how does the distal tibia and fibula connect

Answer 3

via the fibular notch (triangular notch on the lateral tibia)

Question 4

what divides the posterior surface of the fibula

Answer 4

medial crest

Question 5

what is found lateral at the distal fibula

Answer 5

lateral malleolus

Question 6

what are the bones that make up the ankle joint

Answer 6

synovial, talus of foot, tibia and fibula

Question 7

what are the movements of the foot

Answer 7

dorsiflexion and planatrflexion

Question 8

what is the ankle mortise

Answer 8

formed by joint of distal ends of fibula and tibia (deep bracket shaped pocket)

Question 9

what are are borders of the ankle mortise

Answer 9

roof = inferior surface of distal end of tibia
medial - medial malleolus of tibia
lateral - lateral malleuolus of fibula

Question 10

in which position does the ankle mortise provide most stability

Answer 10

dorsiflexed

Question 11

at which joints does eversion and inversion occur

Answer 11

tarsal joints

Question 12

what maintains stability of the ankle joints

Answer 12

lateral ligament complex (lateral aspect)

medial ligament complex (deltoid ligament complex) - stabilise medial complex

Question 13

what are the 4 muscles in the anterior compartment of the lower leg

Answer 13

tibialis anterior
extensor hallucis longus
extensor digitorum longus
fibularis tertius

Question 14

what is the role of the muscles in the anterior compartment of the lower leg

Answer 14

dorsiflexion of foot at ankle, extend toes and invert foot

Question 15

what nerve innervates the anterior compartment of the lower leg

Answer 15

deep fibular nerve

Question 16

which artery supplies the anterior compartment of the lower leg

Answer 16

anterior tibial artery

Question 17

which two muscles are in the lateral compartment of the lower leg

Answer 17

fibularis longus and brevis

Question 18

what do the muscles of the lateral compartment of the lower leg do

Answer 18

evert the foot (turn sole outward)

plantar flex

Question 19

what innervates the muscles of the lower leg lateral compartment

Answer 19

superficial fibular nerve

Question 20

what supplies blood to the lateral compartment of the lower leg

Answer 20

mainly from fibular artery

Question 21

what are the superficial muscles of the posterior compartment of the lower leg

Answer 21

gastrocnemius, plantaris, soleus

Question 22

what is the role of the muscles in the superficial posterior compartment of the lower leg

Answer 22

plantarlfex the foot at ankle joint

can also flex leg at knee

Question 23

what innervates the muscles of the superior posterior lower leg

Answer 23

tibial nerve

Question 24

what are the muscles of the deep posterior compartment of the lower leg

Answer 24

popliteus
flexor hallucis longus
flexor digitorum longus
tibialis posterior

Question 25

what is the role of the muscles in the deep posterior compartment of the lower leg

Answer 25

popliteus acts on the knee | other three act on the foot

Question 26

how do you remember the tendons of the deep posterior compartment of the lower leg

Answer 26

medial to lateral tom - TP dick - FDL harry - FHL

Question 27

what artery supplies the anterior compartment of the leg

Answer 27

anterior tibial artery

Question 28

what artery supplies the lateral and posterior compartment of the leg

Answer 28

posterior tibial artery

Question 29

what are the two branches of the posterior tibial artery

Answer 29

``` circumflex fibular artery (lateral through soleus muscle) fibular artery (supplies posterior compartment) ```

Question 30

what artery supplies the gastrocenmius soleus and plantaris

Answer 30

two large sural arteries which branch from the popliteal artery

Question 31

what are the two main nerves of the lower leg and what are their origin

Answer 31

sciatic nerve splits at the popliteal fossa to form tibial nerve (posterior compartment) and the common fibular nerve (anterior and lateral)

Question 32

describe the ankle jerk reflex

Answer 32

hold ankle in dorsi flexion then tap Achilles tendon (targets gastrocnemius and sartorius

Question 33

what would absence of the ankle jerk reflex indicate

Answer 33

sciatic nerve damage from s1 and 2 or peripheral neuropathy

Question 34

what would damage to the tibial nerve do

Answer 34

rare - loss of plantar flexion, flexion of toes and weakened inversion

Question 35

what would damage to superficial fibular nerve do

Answer 35

entrapment - common in ankle sprains / fractures, pain and parathetsia over lower leg and dorsal of foot direct damage due to fracture of fibula - loss of eversion and sensation of dorsal of foot

Question 36

what would damage to the deep fibular nerve do

Answer 36

rare in fractious but common in entrapment - causes foot drop (paralysis of dorsiflexors in anterior compartment of leg)

Question 37

which structures pass posterior to the medial malleolus into the foot

Answer 37

``` TP FDL FDH tibial nerve posterior tibial artery ``` Tom, Dick, And Nervous Harry