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Ortho > Leg/Knee > Flashcards

Leg/Knee Flashcards

(85 cards)

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1
Q

3 articulations of the knee

A
  • medial femorotibial
  • lateral femorotibial
  • patellofemoral
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2
Q

3 compartments of knee

A
  • medial
  • lateral
  • patellofemoral
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3
Q

Medial static stabilizers of knee

A
  • superficial and deep MCLs

- posterior oblique ligament

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4
Q

Medial dynamic stabilizers of knee

A
  • semimembranosus
  • vastus medialis
  • medial gastrocnemius
  • PES tendons
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5
Q

Lateral static stabilizers of knee

A
  • LCL
  • ITB
  • arcuate ligament
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6
Q

Lateral dynamic stabilizers of knee

A
  • popliteus
  • biceps femoris
  • lateral gastrocnemius
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7
Q

Knee flexion is combo of…

A

…“rolling” and “sliding”

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8
Q

“Rolling” of knee flexion

A
  • equal translation of tibiofemoral contact point and joint axis
  • predominates in early flexion
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9
Q

“Sliding/gliding” of knee flexion

A
  • translation of tibiofemoral contact point without moving joint axis
  • necessary for deep flexion
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10
Q

How many bundles in ACL?

A
  • 2
  • anteromedial
  • posterolateral
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11
Q

Attachments of ACL

A

Posteromedial aspect of lateral femoral condyle to anterior tibial eminence

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12
Q

Function of ACL

A
  • Primary restraint to anterior tibial translation

- Secondary to varus (in extension) and IR

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13
Q

Anteromedial bundle of ACL in flexion/extension

A
  • Tight in knee flexion

- Lax in extension

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14
Q

Posterolateral bundle of ACL in flexion/extension

A
  • Tight in knee extension

- Lax in flexion

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15
Q

Attachments of Transverse meniscal ligament

A

Connects both anterior horns of menisci to tibia

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16
Q

Function of Transverse meniscal ligament

A

Stabilizes menisci; can be torn/injured

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17
Q

How many bundles of PCL?

A
  • 2
  • anterolateral
  • posteromedial
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18
Q

Attachments of PCL

A

Lateral aspect (in notch) of medial femoral condyle to post. proximal tibia (below joint line)

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19
Q

Anterolateral bundle of PCL in flexion/extension

A
  • Tight in knee flexion

- Lax in extension

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20
Q

Posteromedial bundle of PCL in flexion/extension

A
  • Tight in knee extension

- Lax in flexion

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21
Q

Oblique popliteal ligament (OPL)

A

Tendinous expansion of semimembranosus muscle

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22
Q

O/I of OPL

A

Semimembranosus insertion on posterior tibia / posterior LFC and capsule

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23
Q

Insertions of ITB

A
  1. Gerdy’s tubercle
  2. Patella and patellar tendon
  3. Supracondylar tubercle
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24
Q

Attachments of LCL

A

Lateral epicondyle to medial fibular head

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25
Function of LCL
Primary restraint to varus stress; also resists ER
26
Function of Popliteus muscle/tendon
Resists tibia ER, varus, and posterior translation
27
Pes anserinus
- Semitendinosus - Gracilis - Sartorius tendons
28
Attachments of superficial MCL
- Medial epicondyle to tibia (deep to Pes) | - Broad insertion is 5-7cm below joint line
29
Function of superficial MCL
- Primary restraint to valgus force (esp. at 30 degrees) | - Secondary stabilizer to anterior translation and IR
30
Attachment of lateral meniscus
Attached to lateral plateau via coronary ligaments
31
Role of lateral meniscus on tibial plateau
Gives concavity to the convex lateral plateau
32
Attachments of medial meniscus
Attached firmly to medial tibial plateau via coronary ligaments
33
Role of posterior horn of medial meniscus
Secondary stabilizer to anterior translation
34
Vascular supply of meniscus
Superior and inferior medial and lateral geniculate arteries
35
How many vascular zones of meniscus?
3
36
Vascular zones of meniscus
- Red zone: 3mm from capsular junction - Red/white zone: 3-5mm - White zone: >5mm (most tears will not heal)
37
Functions of meniscus
- load transmission/shock absorption - joint congruity and stability - joint lubrication - joint nutrition - propioception
38
Compartments of lower leg
- Anterior - Lateral - Superficial posterior - Deep posterior
39
Muscles of the anterior compartment
- Tibialis anterior - Extensor hallucis longus - Extensor digitorum longus - Peroneus tertius
40
Muscles of the lateral compartment
- Peroneus longus | - Peroneus brevis
41
Muscles of superficial post. compartment
- Gastrocnemius - Soleus - Plantaris
42
Muscles of deep post. compartment
- Post. tibialis - Flexor hallucis longus - Flexor digitorum longus - Popliteus
43
Neurovasc of anterior compartment
- Deep peroneal nerve | - Anterior tibial artery/vein
44
Neurovasc of lateral compartment
- Superficial peroneal nerve
45
Neurovasc of deep post. compartment
- Tibial nerve - Post. tibial artery/vein - Peroneal artery/vein
46
O/I of Tibialis anterior
O: Prox. lateral tibia (Gerdy's tubercle) I: Med. cuneiform, plantar 1st metatarsal base
47
Action of Tibialis anterior
Dorsiflex, invert foot
48
O/I of Extensor hallucis longus
O: medial fibula, interosseous membrane I: Base of distal phalanx of great toe
49
Action of EHL
Dorsiflex, extend great toe
50
O/I of Extensor digitorum longus
O: Lateral tibia condyle and prox. fibula I: Base of middle and distal phalanges
51
Action of EDL
Dorsiflex, extend lateral 4 toes
52
O/I of Peroneus (fibularis) tertius
O: Distal fibula, interosseous membrane I: Base of 5th metatarsal
53
Action of Peroneus (fibularis) tertius
Dorsiflex, evert foot (weak)
54
O/I of peroneus longus
O: Prox. lateral fibula I: Plantar medial cuneiform, 1st metatarsal base (runs under the foot)
55
Action of peroneus longus
Plantar flex foot (1st ray)
56
O/I of peroneus brevis
O: distal lateral fibula I: base of 5th metatarsal
57
Action of peroneus brevis
Evert foot
58
O/I of Gastrocnemius
O: lateral and medial femoral condyles I: Calcaneus (via Achilles tendon)
59
O/I of Soleus
O: Post. fibular head/soleal line of tibia I: Calcaneus (via Achilles tendon)
60
O/I of Plantaris
O: Lateral femoral supracondylar line I: Calcaneus
61
O/I of Popliteus
O: Lateral femoral condyle (intraarticular) I: Prox. post. tibia
62
Action of Popliteus
- IR tibia/knee (during "swing" phase) | - Primary restraint to ER of knee
63
O/I of Flexor hallucis longus
O: Post. fibular I: Base of distal phalanx of great toe
64
Action/Test of FHL
A: Plantar flex great toe T: Test S1 motor function
65
O/I of Flexor digitorum longus
O: Post. tibia I: Bases of distal phalanges of 4 toes
66
O/I of Tibialis posterior
O: Post tibia, fibula, interosseous membrane I: Plantar navicular cuneiforms, MT bases
67
Action of Tibialis posterior
Plantar flex and invert foot (in "heel off" phase)
68
Terrible triad
- MCL - ACL - Medial meniscus
69
Secondary stabilizer to anterior translation of knee
Posterior horn of medial meniscus
70
Are the cruciate ligaments intrasynovial or extrasynovial?
Extrasynovial
71
Alignment of mechanical axis of femur...
3 degrees valgus to vertical axis
72
Alignment of mechanical axis of tibia...
3 degrees varus to vertical axis
73
Blood supply of ACL
Middle geniculate artery
74
ACL Innervation
Posterior articular nerve (branch of tibial nerve)
75
Collagen composition of ACL
90% Type I collagen; 10% Type II collagen
76
ACL strength
2200 N (anterior)
77
Lachman's test
Most sensitive exam for ACL
78
"False" Lachman's
PCL tear can give false Lachman due to posterior subluxation
79
Patellofemoral joint in Dx Scope
- patellofemoral cartilage | - patellofemoral tracking
80
Lateral gutter in Dx Scope
Insertion of popliteus
81
Lateral compartment in Dx Scope
Anterior horn of lateral meniscus
82
Medial compartment in Dx Scope
- Medial meniscus - Medial femoral condyle cartilage - Medial tibial plateau cartilage
83
Intercondylar notch in Dx Scope
- ACL - PCL - Posteromedial corner
84
Neurovasc injury of posteromedial portal of Dx Scope
Saphenous nerve
85
Neurovasc injury of posterolateral portal of Dx Scope
Common peroneal nerve

Ortho (11 decks)

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