Spine

Question 1

C5 Sensory exam

Answer 1

Lateral Shoulder

Question 2

C5 Motor exam

Answer 2

Deltoid: resisted abduction

Question 3

C5 Reflex exam

Answer 3

Biceps

Question 4

C6 Sensory exam

Answer 4

Thumb

Question 5

C6 Motor exam

Answer 5

Biceps: resisted elbow flexion

Question 6

C6 Reflex exam

Answer 6

Brachioradialis

Question 7

C7 Sensory exam

Answer 7

Middle finger

Question 8

C7 Motor exam

Answer 8

Triceps: resisted elbow extension

Question 9

C7 Reflex exam

Answer 9

Triceps

Question 10

C8 Sensory exam

Answer 10

Ring and small fingers

Question 11

C8 Motor exam

Answer 11

Intrinsics: resisted finger abduction

Question 12

T1 Sensory exam

Answer 12

Ulnar forearm and hand

Question 13

Central cord syndrome

Answer 13

• Parts of 3 main tracts involved on both sides
• Upper limbs more affected than lower
• Hyperextension mechanism

Question 14

Anterior spinal artery syndrome

Answer 14

• Bilateral loss of motor function and pain sensation below injured segment
• Position sense preserved
• Worst prognosis

Question 15

Brown-Sequard syndrome

Answer 15

• Usually penetrating trauma
• One side of cord affected
• Loss of motor function and position sense on same side and of pain sensation on opposite side

Question 16

Posterior column syndrome

Answer 16

• Position sense lost below lesion

- Motor function and pain sensation preserved

Question 17

Spondylosis

Answer 17

Degenerative changes in discs, facets, and uncovertebral joints

Question 18

Spondylolysis

Answer 18

• Defect or fracture of pars interarticularis (without slip)
• Assoc. w/ hyperextension sports
• L5 most common site

Question 19

X-ray of spondylolysis

Answer 19

“Scottie dog has a collar/neck”

Question 20

Spondylolisthesis

Answer 20

Slippage of one vertebra on adjacent vertebrae

Question 21

Degenerative disc disease

Answer 21

• Disc properties change (decr. H2O) leads to decreased mech properties
• Ligaments/facets assume greater load, can be source of pain

Question 22

How many Vertebrae?

Answer 22

33: 7 Cervical, 12 Thoracic, 5 Lumbar, 5 Sacral, 4 Coccygeal

Question 23

Anterior Column

Answer 23

ALL and anterior 2/3 of vertebral body/annulus

Question 24

Middle Column

Answer 24

PLL and posterior 1/3 of vertebral body/annulus

Question 25

Posterior Column

Answer 25

Pedicles, lamina, spinous process, and ligaments

Question 26

Traumatic spondylolisthesis

Answer 26

Bilateral pars interarticularis fractures

Question 27

Mechanism of Burst fraction

Answer 27

Flexion and axial compression

Question 28

Neurogenic shock

Answer 28

- Hypotension with Bradycardia - Decreased sympathetic (unopposed vagal) tone - Treat with vasopressors

Question 29

Hypovolemic shock

Answer 29

- Hypotension with tachycardia | - Treat with fluid/volume resuscitation

Question 30

Anterior longitudinal ligament (ALL)

Answer 30

- Stong, thick ligament | - Resists hyperextension

Question 31

Posterior longitudinal ligament (PLL)

Answer 31

- Weak ligament - Limits hyperflexion - Disc herniates around ligament

Question 32

Ligamentum flavum

Answer 32

- Strong and yellow - Non-continuous - Hypertrophy may contribute to nerve root impingement

Question 33

Annulus fibrosus attachments

Answer 33

- strong attachments to end plates of adjacent vertebral bodies

Question 34

Nucleus pulposus attachments

Answer 34

- contained within the annulus

Question 35

O/I of Levator scapulae

Answer 35

O: transverse process C1-4 I: medial scapula

Question 36

Innervation of levator scapulae

Answer 36

Dorsal scapular nerve

Question 37

O/I of Rhomboid minor

Answer 37

O: Spinous process C7-T1 I: Scapula (spine)

Question 38

Innervation of Rhomboid major/minor

Answer 38

Dorsal scapular nerve