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Leg muscles Flashcards

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1
Q

What can the leg’s compartments be divided into?

A

The anterior (extensor), posterior (flexor), and lateral (fibular).

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2
Q

What divides the leg into compartments?

A

The interosseus membrane and the two intermuscular septa (anterior and posterior)

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3
Q

What are the superficial muscles of the posterior leg?

A

The gastrocnemius, plantaris, and soleus muscles.

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4
Q

What do the superficial posterior muscles do?

A

They plantarflex the foot and flex the knee.

Knee flex is excluded in the soleus muscle.

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5
Q

What are the innervations of the posterior superficial muscles?

A

The tibial nerve.

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6
Q

What does the medial head of gastrocnemius attach to?

A

The medial femoral condyle.

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7
Q

What does the lateral head of gastrocnemius attach to?

A

The lateral epicondyle of the femur.

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8
Q

What is the origin of the plantaris muscle?

A

Inferior of the lateral supracondylar line and the oblique popliteal ligament.

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9
Q

What is the origin of the soleus muscle?

A

The head of fibula, the 1/3rd upper of the fibula, the 1/3rd of the tibia, the posterior of the tendinous arch.

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10
Q

What attaches the gastrocnemius, soleus, and plantaris muscle to the calcaneus bone?

A

The calcaneus (Achilles) tendon.

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11
Q

Where does the popliteus muscle originate from?

A

The lateral femoral condyle.

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12
Q

Where does the popliteus muscle insert to?

A

The posterior of proximal tibia.

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13
Q

What is the innervation for the popliteus muscle?

A

Tibial nerve (L4-S1).

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14
Q

What is the function of popliteus?

A

Stabilizes and unlocks the knee joint by lateral femur rotation during knee extension.

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15
Q

Where does flexor hallicis longus originate from?

A

The posterior of the fibula.

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16
Q

Where does the flexor hallicis longus insert?

A

The plantar surface of the distal phalanges of the great toe.

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17
Q

What is the function of flexor hallicis longus?

A

To flex the great toe.

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18
Q

What is the origin of flexor digitorum longus?

A

The posterior of the tibia.

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19
Q

What does the flexor digitorum longus muscle attach to?

A

Plantar bases of distal phalanges of the lateral 4 toes.

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20
Q

What does the tibialis posterior muscle originate from?

A

The interosseus membrane and adjacent bones.

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21
Q

What is the attachment of the tibialis posterior muscle?

A

The navicular tuberosity and adjacent medial cuneiform bones.

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22
Q

What are the 2 muscles that cause eversion of the foot?

A

Fibularis longus and brevis.

Remember that they attach to the posterior of the fibula lateral to the malleolar fossa.

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23
Q

What is the insertion of fibularis brevis?

A

The base of metatarsal V

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24
Q

What is the innervation of fibularis longus/brevis?

A

The superficial fibular nerve (L5, S1, S2).

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25
What is the function of fibularis brevis?
Eversion.
26
What is the function of fibularis longus?
Eversion, plantarflexion, and stabilizes the arch of the foot.
27
What is the function of fibularis brevis?
Eversion.
28
What is the origin of tibialis anterior?
The lateral surface of tibia and the adjacent interosseus membrane.
29
What is the insertion of the tibialis anterior?
Medial cuneiform and the base of metatarsal I
30
What is the function of tibialis anterior?
Dorsoflexion, inversion, support of the medial arch.
31
What is the origin of extensor digitorum longus?
Proximal one half of fibula and lateral tibial condyle.
32
What is the origin of extensor hallucis longus?
Middle half of tibia and related interosseus membrane.
33
What is the insertion of extensor digitorum longus?
Dorsal of the four lateral toes.
34
What is the insertion of extensor hallucis longus?
Dorsal of the great toe.
35
What is the function of the extesnor hallucis and digitorum longus?
Eversion and extension of their respective attachments.
36
What is the fibularis tertius' origin?
The distal part of fibula.
37
What is the fibularis tertius muscle's insertion?
Dorsomedial surface of metatarsal V.
38
What is the function of fibularis tertius?
Eversion and dorsoflexion.
39
40
What is the first intrinsic foot group muscles?
Abductor hallucis, flexor digitorum brevis, abductor digiti minimi.
41
What is the origin of abductor hallucis?
The medial calcaneal process.
42
What is the insertion of abductor hallucis?
Medial aspect of base of proximal great toe phalanges.
43
What is the innervation of abductor hallucis?
Medial plantar nerve.
44
What is the function of abductor hallucis?
Abducts and flexes the great toe.
45
What is the origin of flexor digitorum brevis?
Medial and lateral calcaneal process.
46
What is the insertion of flexor digitorum brevis?
The middle phalanges of lateral 4 toes.
47
What is the function of flexor digitorum brevis?
Flexes the 4 lateral toes.
48
What is the innervation of the flexor digitorum brevis?
Medial plantar nerve.
49
What is the origin of abductor digiti minimi?
Medial and lateral calcaneal process.
50
What is the insertion of the abductor digiti minimi?
Lateral of the proximal phalanges of the little toe
51
What is the function of abductor digiti minimi?
Abduction of little toe.
52
What is the second layer of the intrinsic foot muscle?
Quadratus plantae and the lumbricals.
53
What is the origin of quadratus plantae?
The medial calcaneal surface and lateral calcaneal process.
54
What is the insertion of quadratus plantae?
The lateral of flexor digitorum longus tendon.
55
What is the function of quadratus plantae?
Helps flexor digitorum longus.
56
What is the innervation of quadratus plantae?
Lateral plantar nerve.
57
What is the origin of the lumbricals?
The first lumbrical originates from the medial aspect of FDL tendons associated with toe II, while the second to forth lumbrical originates from the adjacent FDL tendons.
58
What is the insertion of the lumbricles?
Medial free margin of toes II to V.
59
What is the function of the lumbricals?
Flexion of m/p joint and extension of i/p joint.
60
What is the innervation of the lumbricals?
The first lumbrical from the medial plantar nerve, the second to forth lumbrical from the lateral plantar nerve.
61
What is the origin of adductor hallucis?
Transverse - metatarsophalangeal ligament of lateral third toes Oblique - bases of metarsal II-IV and fibularis longus tendon sheath
62
What is the insertion of adductor hallucis?
Lateral of proximal phalanx base of great toe.
63
What is the innervation of adductor hallucis?
Lateral plantar nerve.
64
What is the function of adductor hallucis?
Adducts great toe.
65
What is the origin of flexor hallucis longus?
Medial cuneiform and cuboid bone.
66
What is the insertion of flexor hallucis brevis?
Lateral and medial of base of proximal phalanx of great toe.
67
What is the innervation of flexor hallucis brevis?
The medial plantar nerve.
68
What is the origin of flexor digiti minimi brevis?
Base of metatarsal V and related sheath of fibularis longus tendon.
69
What is the insertion of flexor digiti minimi brevis?
Lateral of the small toe.
70
What is the forth layer of foot muscle?
Dorsal interosseus and plantar interosseus.
71
What is the origin of dorsal interosseus muscle?
Sides of adjacent metatarsals.
72
What is the insertion of dorsal interosseus muscle?
Extensor hoods and base of proximal phalanges II-IV.
73
What is the innervation of dorsal interosseus muscle?
Proper digital nerve of the lateral nerve (IV-V) and deep branch of the lateral nerve (I-III) and deep fibular nerve (I-II).
74
What is the origin of plantar interosseus?
Medial sides of metatarsals III-V.
75
What is the insertion of plantar interosseus?
Extensor hoods and base of proximal phalanges III-V.
76
What is the innervation of plantar interosseus?
Proper digital plantar nerve of the lateral nerve (IV-V) and deep branch of the lateral plantar nerve (I-III).

Lower limbs (28 decks)

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