Muscles of the gluteal region

Question 1

What are the two groups of muscles of the gluteal region?

Answer 1

The superficial (bigger) and deep (smaller) muscles.

Question 2

What muscles make up the deep muscle group?

Answer 2

The piriformis, obturator internus, quadratus femoris, gemellus superior, and gemellus inferior.

Question 3

What muscles make up the superficial muscle group?

Answer 3

The maximus, medius, and minimus gluteus.

The tensor fascia latae.

Question 4

What muscle is most superior of the deep group of muscles?

Answer 4

The piriformis.

Question 5

What is the … sign that causes contralateral pelvis drop indicator when standing on one foot?

Answer 5

Trendelenberg sign is a sign that occurs when one stands on a leg and the contralateral side of the pelvis drops.

This indicates a weakness of the gluteus medius & minimus

Question 6

What is the origin of the piriformis muscle?

Answer 6

The piriformis muscle originates from between the anterior foramina of the sacrum.

Question 7

What is the insertion of the piriformis muscle?

Answer 7

The superior aspect of the greater trochanter of the femur.

Question 8

What is the innervation of the piriformis muscle?

Answer 8

Branches of the S1 and S2.

Question 9

What is the origin of the obturator internus muscle?

Answer 9

The inner obturator membrane and surrounding bone and anterolateral wall of true pelvis.

Question 10

What is the insertion of the obturator internus muscle?

Answer 10

The superomedial of the greater trochanter.

Question 11

What is the origin of gemellus superior?

Answer 11

External surface of ischial spine.

Question 12

What is the origin of gemellus inferior?

Answer 12

Upper surface of ischial tuberosity.

Question 13

What is the insertion of the gemellus?

Answer 13

Superomedial of the greater trochanter of the femur (like obturator internus).

Question 14

What is the origin of quadratus femoris?

Answer 14

The lateral of the ischium (anterior to ischial tuberosity).

Question 15

What is the insertion of quadratus femoris?

Answer 15

Quadrate tubercle of the intertrochanteric crest.

Question 16

What is the innervation of the quadratus femoris?

Answer 16

L5-S1.

Question 17

What is the origin of the gluteus minimus?

Answer 17

Between the inferior and anterior gluteal lines.

Question 18

What is the insertion of the gluteus minimus?

Answer 18

Linear facet on the anterolateral surface of the greater trochanter.

Question 19

What is the innervation of gluteus minimus and medius?

Answer 19

L4-S1

Question 20

What is the origin of gluteus medius?

Answer 20

Between the anterior and posterior gluteal lines.

Question 21

What is the insertion of gluteus medius?

Answer 21

Elongate facet of the lateral surface of the greater trochanter.

Question 22

What is the origin of gluteus maximus?

Answer 22

Fascia covering gluteus medius, fascia covering erector spinae, external iliac surface behind posterior gluteal line, dorsal surface of sacrum, lateral surface of coccyx, sacrotuberous ligament.

Question 23

What is the insertion of gluteus maximus?

Answer 23

Posterior aspect of iliotibial tract and gluteal tuberosity.

Question 24

What is the innervation of gluteus maximus?

Answer 24

L5-S2

Question 25

What is the function of gluteus maximus?

Answer 25

Ekstensor kuat dari paha terfleksi di sendi genu, stabilizer lateral sendi genu dan lutut, rotasi lateral dan abduksi paha.

Question 26

What is the origin of the tensor fascia lata?

Answer 26

ASIS and the anterior of the iliac crest.

Question 27

What is the insertion of the tensor fascia lata?

Answer 27

The iliotibial tract.

Question 28

What is the function of the tensor fascia lata?

Answer 28

Stabilizes the knee in extension.

Question 29

How can you divide the zones in the gluteal region?

Answer 29

Vertical line that goes down from the highest point of the iliac crest Two horizontal lines: 1) from the ischial tuberosity (lower) 2) midway between the highest point of the iliac crest and the ischial tuberosity (higher).

Question 30

Where does the sciatic nerve reside in the gluteal region?

Answer 30

It resides in the **upper lateral corner** of the **lower medial quadrant** and **medial margin** of the **lower lateral quadrant**.

Question 31

True or false? The sciatic nerve in some cases may pass above the piriformis muscle!

Answer 31

True, the sciatic nerve can branch into tibial and common fibular nerve in the pelvis, where the tibial in this case either pierces or goes above the piriformis muscle.