Leg region

Question 1

tibia articulates with

Answer 1

femur at knee joint; talus at ankle joint; fibular at tibiofibular articulation (top) and tibiofibular syndesmosis (bottom)

Question 2

tibia proximal extremity structures

Answer 2

medial and lateral condyles; tibial tuberosity

Question 3

tibia distal extremity structures

Answer 3

medial malleolus, fibular notch, media malleolar sulcus

Question 4

fibula structures

Answer 4

head, shaft, lateral malleolus

Question 5

fibula articulates with

Answer 5

tibio at tibiofibular syndesmosis and tibiofibular articulation; talus at ankle joints

Question 6

fibular proximal extremity structures

Answer 6

apex or styloid process

Question 7

fibular distal extremity structures

Answer 7

articular facet for talus; malleolar fossa; lateral malleolar sulcus

Question 8

anatomically foot consists of:

Answer 8

tarsus, metatarsus, phalanges, sesamoids

Question 9

tarsus is made up of

Answer 9

calcaneus, talus, cuboid, navicular, and three cuneiforms

Question 10

where are sesamoids located on foot?

Answer 10

medial and lateral sesamoids located in tendons of flexor hallucis brevis inferior to the first metatarsal head

Question 11

tibiofibular articulation or joint made of

Answer 11

synovial joint formed by head of fibula and lateral condyle of tibia

Question 12

interosseous membrane made of

Answer 12

attaches to shaft of tibia and shaft of fibula

Question 13

interosseous membrane serves as

Answer 13

origin for some of the leg muscles; separates anterior compartment from deep posterior compartment of leg

Question 14

tibiofibular syndesmosis formed by

Answer 14

fibular notch on the distal extremity of the tibia and the distal aspect of the shaft of the fibula

Question 15

extrinsic foot muscle

Answer 15

originate outside of the foot and insert in the foot

Question 16

tendons passing anterior to ankle joint axis are

Answer 16

dorsiflexors

Question 17

tendons passing posterior to ankle joint axis are

Answer 17

plantarflexors

Question 18

muscles in anterior compartment of leg

Answer 18

tibialis anterior
extensor digitorum longus
extensor hollicis longus
fibularis tertius

Question 19

function of anterior compartment of leg

Answer 19

dorsiflexion of foot for toe clearance during swing phase and prevention of foot slap at heel strike

Question 20

muscles of lateral compartment of leg

Answer 20

fibularis longus and fibularis brevis

Question 21

primary function of lateral compartment

Answer 21

pronation and plantarflexion of foot during gait

Question 22

what innervates the lateral compartment of leg

Answer 22

superficial branch of fibular nerve

Question 23

muscles of posterior compartment of leg muscles

Answer 23

superficial group:
gastrocnemius, soleus, plantaris
deep group:
popliteus, flexor hallucis longus, flexor digitorum longus, tibialis posterior

Question 24

primary function of deep group of posterior compartment

Answer 24

plantarflexion and supination of the foot (except popliteus)

Question 25

which anterior muscle of leg does not originate at medial surface of shaft of fibula?

Answer 25

tibialis anterior. it originaltes from lateral surface of shaft of tibia.

Question 26

what innervates the anterior compartment of leg muscles?

Answer 26

deep fibular nerve

Question 27

where does tibialis anterior insert?

Answer 27

medial cuneiform and first metatarsal base

Question 28

where does extensor hallucis longus insert?

Answer 28

distal phalanx of hallux

Question 29

where does extensor digitorum longus insert?

Answer 29

middle and distal phalanges of lesser digits

Question 30

where does fibularis tertius insert?

Answer 30

dorsum of fifth metatarsal base

Question 31

What do all anterior muscles do?

Answer 31

dorsiflex the foot

Question 32

what does tibialis anterior do in addition to dorsiflex foot?

Answer 32

inverts foot

Question 33

what does extensor hallucis longus do besides dorsiflex the foot?

Answer 33

dorsiflexes the hallux

Question 34

what does extensor digitorum longus do besides dorsiflex foot?

Answer 34

dorsiflexes lesser digits of foot

Question 35

where do muscles of lateral compartment originate?

Answer 35

lateral surface of shaft of fibula

Question 36

what do lateral muscles do?

Answer 36

plantarflex and pronate foot

Question 37

where does fibularis longus insert

Answer 37

medial cuneiform and first metatarsal base

Question 38

where does fibularis brevis insert

Answer 38

tuberosity of fifth metatarsal base

Question 39

what innervates the posterior compartment of leg muscles?

Answer 39

tibial nerve

Question 40

where does gastrocnemius originate? insert?

Answer 40

medial head - medial condyle of femur lateral head - lateral condyle of femur insertion: posterior surface of calcaneus via tendon calcaneus

Question 41

where does soleus originate and insert?

Answer 41

origin: posterior surface of shaft of tibia and fibula insertion: posterior surface of calcaneus via tendon of calcaneus

Question 42

what posterior muscle does not insert into calcaneus via tendon of calcaneus?

Answer 42

plantaris. inserts in posterior surface of calcaneus

Question 43

where does plantaris originate?

Answer 43

lateral condyle of femur

Question 44

which posterior muscle flexes in addition to plantarflexing the foot?

Answer 44

gastrocnemius

Question 45

origin and insertion of popliteus

Answer 45

o: posterior surface of shaft of tibia i: lateral epicondyle of femur

Question 46

origin and insertion of flexor digitorum longus

Answer 46

o: posterior surface of shaft of tibia i: distal phalanges of the lesser digits

Question 47

origin and insertion of tibialis posterior

Answer 47

o: posterior surface of shaft of tibia; posterior surface of shaft of fibula i: tuberosity of the navicular

Question 48

origin and insertion of flexor hallucis longus

Answer 48

o: posterior surface of shaft of tibia i: distal phalanx of hallus

Question 49

action of popliteus

Answer 49

unlocks knee joint at beginning of flexion

Question 50

which posterior muscle does not plantarflex the foot?

Answer 50

the popliteus

Question 51

what does f. digitorum longus do besides ptf?

Answer 51

plantarflexes the distal digits

Question 52

what does f hallucis longus do besides ptf?

Answer 52

plantarflexes the hallux

Question 53

what does tibialis posterior do besides ptf?

Answer 53

supinates the foot

Question 54

what are the boundaries of the popliteal fossa?

Answer 54

laterally and inferiorly: lateral head of gastrocnemius Medially and inferiorly: medial head of gastrocnemius laterally and superiorly: biceps femoris medially and superiorly: semitendisosus and semimenbranosus

Question 55

What are the contents of the popliteal artery?

Answer 55

``` popliteal artery and vein and their genicular branches tibial and common fibular nerves popliteal lymph nodes termination of the small saphenous vein fatty tissue ```

Question 56

superficial veins of leg region flow into

Answer 56

great saphenous vein and small saphenous vein

Question 57

where is great saphenous vein?

Answer 57

medial. small is posterior

Question 58

what does popliteal artery vascularize? what are its major branches?

Answer 58

knee region major branches are sural arteries (behind knee) genicular arteries (calf anterior tibial artery: midleg, only lateral branch posterior tibial artery: most distal

Question 59

branches of anterior tibial artery

Answer 59

anterior tibial recurrant artery (right under knee cap) anterior medial malleolar artery anterior lateral malleolar artery

Question 60

branches of posterior tibial artery

Answer 60

fibular artery posterior medial malleolar artery medial calcaneal medial and laterar plantar arteries

Question 61

major branches of fibular artery

Answer 61

perforating artery posterior lateral malleolar artery lateral calcaneal

Question 62

what dermatomes are involved in cutaneous innervation of leg region?

Answer 62

L4, L5, S1, and S2

Question 63

cutaneous nerves involved in cutaneous innervation of leg region

Answer 63

saphenous, superficial fibular, lateral sural cutaneous, medial cutaneous, sural

Question 64

what muscles does deep fibular nerve innervate?

Answer 64

``` anterior compartment: tibialis anterior extensor digitorum longus extensor hallucis longus fibularis tertius ```

Question 65

what muscles does tibial nerve innervate?

Answer 65

gastrocnemius, soleus, plantaris, popliteus, flexor hallucis longus, flexor digitorum longus, tibialis posterior

Question 66

L1

Answer 66

lliohypogastric; ilioinguinal

Question 67

L2

Answer 67

genitofemoral, obturator

Question 68

L3

Answer 68

lateral femoral cutaneous; femoral

Question 69

L4

Answer 69

femoral; lumbosacral trunk

Question 70

L5

Answer 70

lumbosacral trunk