Legislation/celestial

Question 1

What is the purpose of the ISM code

Answer 1

Set by the IMO - under SOLAS chapter 9.
Its primary purpose is to ensure the safety of ships and the prevention of marine pollution.

Question 2

What are the aims of the ISM code

Answer 2

Set guidelines to standardise safe practices
Apply a SMS on board vessels to ensure compliance with international regulations
Promote a safety culture on board through the continuous improvement of safety systems and implementation of risk assessments.
Define the responsibilities of ship owners, masters, crew and management.

Question 3

How does HSE (health, safety and environment) get implemented onto vessels?

Answer 3

Through the SMS, Particularly through:
Drills,
Training
Audits/inspections
Risk assessments
Routine inspections
Briefings
Reporting

Question 4

What is the HSWA

Answer 4

Health and safety at work act (2015). This is the primary legislation that sets out the legal framework for workplace health and safety in New Zealand. It places duties and responsibilities on employers, employees, and others to ensure a safe and healthy work environment. The HSWA also outlines the role and powers of WorkSafe.

Question 5

What are some non adjustable sextant errors

Answer 5

These will be tabulated into the calibration certificate in the sextant box.
Centring error (index bar/index mirror not rotation from same point)
Graduation error (Faulty/inaccurate markings)
Shade error (shade surfaces not being parallel)
Prismatic error (two mirror surfaces not being plane and parallel to each other)
Collimating error (telescope not parallel to plane of the sextant)

Question 6

What are the main three adjustable sextant errors

Answer 6

Perpendicularity error (Mirror isn’t perpendicular to plane of sextant) Look directly into the mirror and line the frame up.
Side Error
Index Error

Question 7

What is Nominal, geographical and Luminous range and how would they be used

Answer 7

Nominal is the range shown on the chart, its how far you would see it with a visibility of 10 NM
Luminous is the maximum range you could see the light with existing visibility conditions
Geographic range is the range at which the light can be raised/dipped depending on the height of the light and observer.

Can be used for finding a range from an object when raising or dipping a light, using the luminous range table in the (Nz) almanac. If the luminous range is greater than the geographic range, you can use the light tables by raising or dipping it to get a range. Nominal range is given on the chart.

Question 8

What information would you find in a vessels SMS

Answer 8

Roles/Responsibilities
Reporting / investigation
Emergency procedures
Documentation and record keeping
Security Measures
Audits/Inspections
LSA/FFE servicing intervals
Training and competency
SOPs

Question 9

Where would you find tidal information?

Answer 9

Nz (almanac)
Admiralty Tidal tables

Question 10

What are ALRS volumes 1-5

Answer 10

Can Randy Maidens Make Good Partners
1- Coast radio stations
2 - Radio/ Nav aids
3 - Maritime safety info
4 - Meteorological stations
5 - GMDSS
6 - Pilotage info / VTS

Question 11

What are your initial actions after sighting a flare

Answer 11

Call master
Fix position
Take bearing to the signal
Monitor distress signals
Monitor X band radar for SART
Check chart and plot course in direction of bearing
Potentially alert all crew and ready first aid equipment and rescue boat

Question 12

What are some of the limitations of RADAR

Answer 12

• Blind and shadow Sectors
• Indirect paint in these sectors
• Bearing discrimination (scanner size)
• Range discrimination (pulse length)
• Max detection range (height of scanner and target)

Question 13

What are some of the Publications that you would use in the Appraisal stage of passage planning

Answer 13

NP100 - mariners hand book
Admiralty Vol 1 - 6
Almanac
Ocean currents and weather charts
Tidal tables
Charts

Question 14

What is LRIT

Answer 14

Long range info and tracking on vessels (purpose is for security and safety)
It sends continuous updates of the vessels position to flag.
Compulsory for all vessels over 300GT.

Question 15

What publications may you carry electronically

Answer 15

Any admiralty publications that start with AD, eg AD11

Question 16

Where do you get your chart corrections from?

Answer 16

Notices to mariners ( Weekly for uk, Two weeks in NZ)

Question 17

What is the cumulative list and annual summary of NTM

Answer 17

Cumulative list is put out twice annually and has all of the NTM from the past year
Annual is a yearly summary of notices such as publications and distress signalling (doesn’t change much)

Question 18

What are the sewage discharge requirements under MARPOL

Answer 18

ANNEX 4.
Must be on route moving at least 4knots and outside 3NM for macerated. 12NM if not macerated. Outside of special areas.

Question 19

What RADAR is mandatory to carry and what are its attributes

Answer 19

X band-
3cm wave length
9-10 GHz frequency
Affected by weather sea rain and fog

Question 20

What does ecdis have to adhere to

Answer 20

Standards set by the IHO such as
S57 - Standards for hydrographic data
S52 - specifications for display

Question 21

What does fog do to diminish radar

Answer 21

It absorbes the pulse which limit detection range

Question 22

What determines a good radar paint

Answer 22

S ize
C omposition
A spect
T exture
S hape

Question 23

What is IAMSAR

Answer 23

International aeronautical and maritime search and rescue.

A guide to search and rescue patterns and plans for vessels and aircraft

Question 24

What are the characteristics of S band radar

Answer 24

10cm wavelength
Lower frequency

Better for visuals through sea rain and fog

Question 25

How would a SART apear and on what radar

Answer 25

X band Radar.
Would initially appear as 12 dots in line (SART is closest dot), begin to arc, then circle around you.

Question 26

What frequencies are better for your echo sounder in deep and shallow water?

Answer 26

Lower frequencies for deep
Higher frequencies for shallow

Question 27

What type of speed log do you have and how does it work

Answer 27

A Doppler sounder with a Janus configuration (multi directional).
Puts out a radio wave frequency and measures how fast that frequency is changed due to the movement of water past it. Ground tracking will adjust that frequency by lowering it to reflect of the bottom (to about 200m).

Question 28

What vessels must have AIS and why

Answer 28

Vessels over 500Gt or 300Gt in international waters
Brought in by SOLAS chapter 11-2 ISPS.

Question 29

What vessels must have placards for garbage

Answer 29

Over 12m

Question 30

What is panting, racking, pounding and sloshing forces?

Answer 30

Panting - change in inward pressure as the vessel is in air/water
Racking - Shear forces as the vessel moves through a seaway
Pounding - impact force of the bow of the vessel smashing into a seaway
Sloshing - Forces caused by the movement of liquids within tanks

Question 31

What areas are IALA A

Answer 31

Every other than Americas, Japan, Korea, and Phillipines

Question 32

How long is a shackle and a cable?

Answer 32

Shackle = 27.3m (90ft)
Cable = 180m

Question 33

Where does a NM come from

Answer 33

A measure of latitude. 1 deg = 60NM thus 1 min = 1 NM

Question 34

Where would you find info on chart symbols

Answer 34

NP5011, (12 for ecdis)

Question 35

How often must your compass be swung and how long for a full deviation check?

Answer 35

At least once a year (SOLAS chapter 5)
At least once every two years for full deviation check

Question 36

Where should the compass be mounted

Answer 36

On the centreline of the vessel in a protected area

Question 37

What is a compass error you may get

Answer 37

Heeling error, caused by movement of vessel, is greater on nth or south headings.