Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Russia > Lenin And Bolsheviks > Flashcards

Lenin And Bolsheviks Flashcards

1
Q

October Revolution 6

A

1917

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Civil War and War Communism

A

1917 - 21

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Constituent Assembly

A

1918

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Russo-Polish war

A

1920

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Kronstadt rising

A

1921

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

NEP

A

1921 - 7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Pork Mutiny

A

1922

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Constitution created the USSR

A

1924

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What was War Communism?

A

Centralisation
State capitalism and grain requisitioning
Red army needed all food for war
Causes starvation and Famine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What was the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk?

A

Treaty that caused Germany to leave Russia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the Kronstadt rising known as and why?

A

The Lighting strike that lit up reality

Sailors were allies to the Bolsheviks and had helped them gain power

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Describe the NEP

A

Decentralisation
Return to private ownership
Restore exchange between villages and towns

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What were the effects of NEP?

A

Nepmen
Scissor crisis
NOT COMMUNIST - Showed capitalist theories could work

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What was the scissor crisis?

A

Post NEP

Supply of food increased at a rate exceeding domestic demand, resulting in a fall of prices

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What was the Pork Mutiny?

A

Attempt of a Communist uprising in Finland
Collection of Red Guards crossed into Finland
283 workers and members of their families joined the battalion and were armed and given money
Marched back to Soviet Union but slipped away
Fail

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Cheka established

A

December 1917

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

A

1918

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Constitution created the RSFSR

A

1918

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Famine and economic collapse

A

1921

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How many died of famine between 1918 and 1921?

A

8 million

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Lenins death

A

1924

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

When was the struggle for power after Lenin?

A

1922-9

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

When did Lenin write was is to be done?

A

1901

Published in 1902

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Three main parts to Bolshevik gov.

A

Politburo - small elite group responsible for policy
Orgburo - organised political affairs
Sovnarkom - council of peoples commissars

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What are the Politburo and Orgburo a part of?

A

Central executive committee

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Institution to control Lenins structure

A

Party Central committee

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

When did Lenin set out his revised version of Marxism?

A

1902 pamphlet ‘what is to be done?’
Social changes of Marxism could be sped up and a central committee led by professionals could govern in the interest of workers until they were ready to take control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Why did the Bolsheviks system appear to be democratic?

A

Members of the Sovnarkov were the product of a chain of elections from rural and urban Soviets
However Soviets dominated by Bolsheviks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

New criminal code

A

1921

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Outline the new criminal code

A

Legalised the use if terror to deter crime

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

‘decree on land’ 1917

A

Sanctioned the requisition of private land by peasants but stated the division and redistribution could only be carried out by Soviets

32
Q

‘decree on peace’ 1917

A

Called for an immediate truce and peaceful settlement

Lade the grounds for the armistice on 2nd December 1917

33
Q

Impact on Nationalities under Lenin

A

Bolsheviks regime
Treat if Brest Litovsk
1918 constitution
1924 legitimising the 1922 creation of the USSR

34
Q

What happened at the second all-Russian Congress of Soviets

A

25th October 1917
Mensheviks and right wing SRs left
Bolsheviks in charge

35
Q

The ‘petrograd revolution’

A

October Revolution was only in petrograd
Bolsheviks had to spread auothoritity so created more Soviets in towns and cities
Unrest contributed to the civil war

36
Q

Events of the Third All-Russian Congress of Soviets

A

Sanctioned the closure of the C. A

Proclaimed the establishment of the RSFSR

37
Q

Nationalities freedoms under Lenin

A

Lenin decreed in November 1917 territories were free to leave Russia
Many declared themselves independent
Contributed to Civil War

38
Q

Political opposition to Lenin

A

Union for the defence of the motherland and liberty
Three armed revokuts January 1918
Muders of the German ambassador july 1918
Socialists, Mensheviks and SRs joined

39
Q

Foreign opposition under Lenin

A

London called for direct military action against the Bolsheviks
However Lenin published secret treaties by the tsar and France sent 7m troops to help

40
Q

Lenin quote about wanting food to go to workers

A

Lenin demanded the ‘ruthless and terroristic struggle against the peasant and tiger bourgeoisie who are holding back surplus’
5m died of disorder

41
Q

Reasons for civil war

A 
Collapse of empire
Food requisitioning
Political opposition
Desire for civil waf
Breakdown of law and order
Allied opposition
42
Q

Opposition during civil war

A

Whites - tsarists
Foreign opposition - allied powers sent armies destroy the Bolsheviks after anger if dropping out of ww1
Czech legion - 40000 Czech prisoners mutinied and took control of the trains Siberua railway

43
Q

White armies

A

Denikin
Yudenich
Kolchak
Leaders disorganised and armies often fell apart

44
Q

Impacts of the treaty if Brest Litovsk

A

Handover of:
1/3 of agricultural land
1/3 of railway track
1/3 of Soviet republics (55m people)
2/3 of coal mines and half of heavy industry
Nearly all available oil and most cotton production

45
Q

Why did Bolsheviks win the civil war?

A

Geographical factors - Whites scattered
Leadership - Trotsky string and Whites second rate
Support - Bolsheviks had the peasants support

46
Q

Key consequences of the civil war

A

Internal political opponents defeated
Victory showed the red army how to run a successful gov - discipline and loyalty
NEP
Centralisation of power

47
Q

Drought and famine due to War Communism

A

1921
5m died of starvation
Cannibalism

48
Q

NEP

A

Decentralisation of small-scale enterprises and a return to private ownership
Restore exchange between village and town
Removal of restrictions
Encouraged foreign trade
Lenin a pragmatist? (willing to give up elements of his belief to suit the time)

49
Q

Effects of war Communism

A

Money became worthless
People leaving cities due to food Shortages
Black markets
Bolsheviks rule worse than tsars?

50
Q

Decree of nationalism

A

June 1918

Brought all industries under Central control

51
Q

Evidence of economy not working under Lenin

A

1916-1929 cities in the North lost 33% of their population to the countryside
Number of those working in factories and mines dropped by 50%
1913-1920 there was an 87% drop in the number of a red given over to cotton production

52
Q

Work output of war Communism

A

In all areas, the economic strength of Russia fell below the 1914 level
Small factories on 1920 producing just 43% of the 1913 total
Coal production was at 27% of 1913 figure in 1920
Average productivity of worker was 44% less than 1913 figure by 1920

53
Q

Compare Alexander ii and Lenin

A

Willing to sacrifice elements of ideology to suit the country

54
Q

Education under Lenin

A

Antoli Lunachovsky = commisaor for education
Education free and compulsory for all until 17
Proletkult organisation - arts education - more diverse
United labour school - progressive teaching methods

55
Q

Literature and theatre under Lenin

A

Silver age
All Russian association if proletarian writers
Propigabda
Fellow travelers = non communist writers, closely watched

56
Q

Famine 1921

A

Requisition, drought and severe winters

Ukraine food production fell by 20%

57
Q

Russo-polish war

A

1920
Civil war creates prospect of Poland loosing freedoms but defeat of red army in 1920 prevented that - October 1921 treaty of Rigo
Polish independence confirmed and it was agreed that Ukraine and Western Belarussia would come under Polish authority

58
Q

Ukraine under Lenin

A

Independence after ww1

Taken back during Civil War

59
Q

Finland under Lenin

A

Finland independent but under Russian control
Treaty of Tortu Finland gained land
1923 Finnish Communists established a socialist Republic - heightened tensions

60
Q

Features of War Communism

A 
State Capitalism
Grain requisitioning
Nationalisation of larger enterprises and state monopoly on markets
Partial militarization of labour
Requisitioning of agricultural produce
61
Q

Views of War Communism

A

Requisitioning of grain killed 5 million people = hated system
Hated losing freedom bc of state monopolies

62
Q

Features of NEP

A

De-nationalisation and return to private ownership
Removal of restrictions on sale of private goods/services
End to requisitioning

63
Q

Was the NEP successful?

A

Short term success = industrial output up

However, emergence if NEP-menz scuzzie criss as supply increase over demand, neo bryrayes communist ideals

64
Q

Impact of ww1

A

Treaty of Brest Litovsk = high price for Russia - territories gained independence
Russia lost 1/3 of all agricultural land
Railway track and the Soviets Republics population
2/3rds coal mines
1/2 heavy industry products
Nearly all oil and cotton textile production

65
Q

Consequences if treatt of Brest-Litovsk

A

Departure if Bukharin and left SRs from the Soviet gov.

Bolsheviks in full control

66
Q

Freedom of expression under Bolsheviks

A

More freedom
Needed support from intellectuals
However, the Secret police kept close supervision in leading intellectuals and some were executed without trial e.g Gumelev

67
Q

Literacy under Lenin

A

By 1927, 51% of pop were literate vs 35% in 1907

68
Q

Propigabda under Lenin

A

Cinemas used especially

69
Q

Lenin and religion

A

Marxist view that it was the ‘opium of the masses’

Priests targeted by Cheka and shot

70
Q

What did Lenin say about the arts?

A

‘the purpose of art and literature is to serve the people’

71
Q

Constitutions under Lenin

A

1918 - created the RSFSR

1922 - treaty added yhr Republics of Ukraine, Belarussia and Transcaucasia to the RSFSR

72
Q

Organisation of gov.

A

The all Russian Congress of Soviets and the Central Committee.
Politburo (policy) and Orgburo (party affairs)
Sonarkom = commisars with specific governmental responsibilities (like ministers)

73
Q

Failure of NEP

A

Nepmen

Scizzor crisis

74
Q

Impact of treaty of Brest Litovsk on Nationalities

A

Given independence e.g Poland

75
Q

Lenin and Ukraine

A

Retaken by red army during Civil War

76
Q

Lenin and Poland

A

Attempts to retaken Poland in the Russo-polish war

77
Q

Lenin and Finland

A

Pork mutiny: red guards invaded Finland and looted property before persuading Finnish workers (with guns and money) to join their Soviet battalion

Russia (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions