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Nicholas ii Flashcards

1
Q

Accession if Nicholas ii

A

1894

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2
Q

Formation of Social Democrats

A

1898

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3
Q

Formation of Socialist revolutionaries

A

1901

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4
Q

SDs split into Bolsheviks and Mensheviks

A

1903

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5
Q

Russo-Japanese war

A

1904-5

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6
Q

Bloody Sunday

A

January 1905

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7
Q

First National Duma

A

1906

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8
Q

Stolypin reforms

A

1906-11

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9
Q

Four Dumas met

A

1906-14

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10
Q

WW1

A

1914-18

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11
Q

Why was the failure of the Russo-Japanese war an issue?

A

Doubts over Tsars ability to maintain Russia status

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12
Q

What ended ihe Russo-Japanese war?

A

Treaty of Portsmouth

August 1905

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13
Q

What was Bloody Sunday?

A

Peaceful march of 150000 led by Father Gapon to ask the Tsar for change
Guards fired on the crowd
40 killed

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14
Q

What was the 1905 revolution?

A

Barricades and mobs in the streets following bloody Sunday

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15
Q

What was the October manifesto?

A

Pledge by the Tsar to grant basic civil liberties and the creation of a parliament

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16
Q

What were the fundamental laws?

A

Reversed the October manifesto

Tsar held supreme autocratic powers by divine right

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17
Q

What happened to the Dumas?

A

1&2 dispanded
3 chosen nationalist members loyal to the crown
4 ww1 - pushed Tsar to abdicate

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18
Q

Who was Stolypin? What did he aim for

A

Prime Minister
Refashiom Duma by redrawing the electoral law and giving greater parliamentary weight to the gentry
Agrarian reform

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19
Q

What was wager of the strong and who did it create?

A

Utilised land
Encouraged peasants to work in cuties
Creates Kulaks

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20
Q

How did ww1 negatively impact Nicholas?

A

He was at the front line

Directly responsible

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21
Q

Who took over in the February revolution?

A

4th Duma

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22
Q

1905 revolution

A

1905

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23
Q

Finland given full autonomy

A

1905

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24
Q

October manifesto

A

1905

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25
Q

Fundamental laws

A

April 1905

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26
Q

What was Wittes great spurt?

A 
Commitment to industrialisation
Foreign loans for industry investment
Foreign experts
Placement of rouble on gold standard
Move away from private enterprise
Railway increase to 31125 (1901)
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27
Q

Structure of gov.

A

October manifesto - Duma

Fundamental laws

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28
Q

Economic change

A

Stolypin and land reforms

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29
Q

Repression

A

Repression

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30
Q

Treatment of Russian people

A

Russification
Glastnost
Anti-jewish policies
Removal of university freedoms

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31
Q

Why was Finland granted full autonomy?

A

1905 rev.

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32
Q

Who faced Stolypin neckties

A

Political leaders against The Fundimental Laws

33
Q

Impact of Russo-Japanese war

A

Humiliation, worry about Russia’s world status, social unrest and investment in industry

34
Q

Cause of unrest

A 
Growth of intelligentsia
Students increasingly being angry at being repressed 
Spread of higher education 
1892,1898 and 1901 famines
Poor harvests 1900 and 1902
35
Q

How many people were involved in Bloody Sunday?

A

150000

36
Q

How many troops were at Bloody Sunday?

A

12000

37
Q

What were the Bloody Sunday protestors aims?

A

Go to winter palace and ask the tsar for help - ‘little father’

38
Q

Provisions of October manifesto

A

Creation of legislative duma
Granted basic civil rights to the people
Didn’t guarantee gov would function more democratically

39
Q

Provisions of fundamental laws

A

Power back to the Tsar

40
Q

Stolypin slogan

A

‘Suppression first then, and only then, reform’

41
Q

Name if Stolypins main policy and what did it involve?

A

Wager on the strong-peasants could only buy unused land
Peasants could make their land into small holdings
Encouraged peasants to move to cities

42
Q

What happened at Lena Goldfields?

A

1912 strike due to appalling conditions
Troops fired on unarmed demonstrators killing 200 and wounding 400
Increased social unrest

43
Q

Impact of ww1 on Russia

A

Severe inflation 1916
Price if food and fuel quadrupled
Fuel and food shortages as railways weren’t used
Made worse by winter of 1916-17 as railways froze

44
Q

What happened to railways during the war?

A

War put too much pressure on them

Port Archangel sunk into the ground under the weight of supplies

45
Q

Cost of ww1

A

3 billion roubles vs 1.5 billion in peace time

46
Q

Level of inflation during ww1

A

Prices up 400% from the start of the war

47
Q

Consequences of ww1

A

Nicholas forced to abdicate mainly by progressive bloc

48
Q

What marked the development of a more coherent workers opposition movement?

A

Strike if st Petersburg textile workers

49
Q

Success of Wittes great spurt

A

Coal doubled
iron and steel increased 7fold
Average annual increase in industrial production 7.5%

50
Q

Evidence of corrupt social system

A

95% of wealth owned by 1% of pop.

51
Q

Urban population

A

Doubled from 7.3 - 14.6m 1867-1897

52
Q

How many jews sent to the pale of settlement?

A

6 million

53
Q

Impact of treaty of Portsmouth

A

Russia forced to surrender port Arthur

Russian leaders had to acknowledge Japanese sovereignty in Korea

54
Q

what formed Kulaks?

A

Wager on the strong

55
Q

Stolypins agrarian reform

A

phasing out of the village and land commune and its replacement by a large class of sturdy, independent farmers

56
Q

Failures of stolypin reforms

A

group of farmers wasn’t enough to modernise agriculture
by 1914 almost 2m peasant families left the mir
expansion in numbers joining wealthier peasants

57
Q

Wittes problems

A

Made Russia too dependent on foreign loans and investment
Neglected vital light engineering areas
Paid no attention to agriculture

58
Q

Reasons for Russo-Japanese war

A

Expansionist policy in Far East
Obtain an ice free port
Distract from domestic struggles

59
Q

How many marchers were killed at Bloody Sunday?

A

200

60
Q

Aftermath of Bloody Sunday

A

Nation wise strikes made worse by humiliating defeats against japan

61
Q

Example of military mutiny

A

June 1905

Battleship prince Potemkin mutinied while at sea due to poor food and drink

62
Q

Example of Stolypin de-revolutionising peasants

A

All outstanding repayments cancelled

63
Q

Similarity of wager on the strong to virgin lands

A

Large scale voluntary resettlement if the peasants in the aim to populate the empires remote areas e.g Siberia to turn them into food growing areas

64
Q

Problems for Russia during ww1

A 
Inflation 
Food supplies 
Transport
The army
Role of the Tsar
Morale
65
Q

Gov spending during ww1

A

Rose to 30m roubles

66
Q

Stations collapsing during ww1

A

575 railways stations collapsed by 1916

67
Q

Impact of July Days

A

Spread of Soviets
Worker control of factories
Seizure of land by peasants
Creation of breakaway national minority govs e.g Ukraine

68
Q

Lenin’s decree on land

A

Called for redistribution of private land

69
Q

The First Duma and Finland

A

Vybary mainfesto
fall of 1st duma
Set of demands asking Finland not to pay taxes or serve in the military until the Duma was restored

70
Q

Changes after 1905 to structure of gov.

A

More structured
Still advisory but checks on the Tsar e.g Council of Ministers
First elected body with representative power
Other bodies had the ability to make law e.g State council - damaged autocracy

71
Q

Only Duma to serve its full term

A

third

72
Q

How many army members joined feb. 1917 strikes?

A

150000

73
Q

example of more organised peasants under Nicholas II

A

Black earth region revolts

74
Q

Failures of Wager on the strong

A

upset due to belief the best land was still unavailable to peasants
by 1914, 2 million peasants had left Village Communes

75
Q

Poor living conditions of WW1

A

1000 towns with 2m buildings
over half buildings wood = fire prone
disease spread e.g 100000 deaths from cholera in 1910 St Petersburg
Factories on edge of cities with slow transport links
work barracks overcrowded and unsanitary

76
Q

Finland under Nicholas II

A

Governor = Nikolei Bobrikov
Russification
assassination of governor 1904 = tension
autonomy 1905

77
Q

Russo-finnish relations

A

Full autonomy in 1905 but reneged by Stolypin the same year

78
Q

Stolypin welfare reforms

A

Primary schools doubled 1905-14

Russia (8 decks)

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